State Mendel's law of segregation. Explain it with a suitable example.

Explanation

When a pair of factors for a character is brought together in a hybrid they separate during the formation of gametes.
Monohybrid cross is an example for the law of segregation. The cross between the two parents differing in one pair of characters is called monohybrid cross.
When a homozygous pure tall pea plant (TT) is cross pollinated with homozygous pure dwarf pea plant (tt). In the `F_1` generation, all the plants produced were heterozygous tall.
Image cross
When the `F_1` plants were self-pollinated in the F, generation, both tall and dwarf plants were produced in the ratio 3:1. This concludes that recessive character is expressed only in the absence of dominant genes. During hybridization genes get separated without any contamination. This illustrates law of segregation.

Phenotypic ratio = 3:1 = 3 Tall: 1 Dwarf
Genotypic ratio = 1:2:1 = 1 Homozygous tall : 2
Heterozygous tall: 1 Homozygous dwarf