What contraception ? Briefly explain two barrier methods and two surgical methods, to prevent conception.

Explanation

Contraception: Prevention of conception is called contraception. There are three major categories of contraception. They are natural, mechanical and chemical methods.
(a) Condom (Sheath) : This is used by men. Condom is a nonporous, elastic, tight fitting sheath of rubber which is unrolled over the penis before intercourse. The ejected semen is trapped in the condom and thus the entry of sperm into the vagina is prevented.
(b) Diaphragm (Cap): This is used by women. Diaphragm is a flexible dome-shaped device made up of thin rubber. It is inserted into the vagina and positioned over the cervix before intercourse. It prevents the entry of sperms into the uterus. Cervical caps and vaults : They are similar to diaphragm in function but are structurally modified. They are known as female condoms.
(c) Intra uterine device (IUD): Intrauterine devices are used by women. The device is in the form of small object made up of plastic, copper or stainless steel. It is in the form of a loop, coil or T. The IUD is inserted to the uterus with the help of an insertion tube by an experienced gynaecologist. The IUD is provided with strings which are useful to check and confirm its position. They are also useful in removing the IUD. An IUD could remain in the uterus upto three years. It should be replaced after 3 years, It prevents implantation. It is a
reliable method of birth control. Loop and copper T are very widely used by women in our country.
Sterilization : Surgical sterilization is the most effective and reliable method of birth control. Both men and women can undergo sterilization. Surgical sterilization in men is called vasectomy and in women tubectomy and laparoscopic sterlization. Sterilization normally does not effect sexual performance.