Prove that `(-mu_1)/(u)+(mu_2)/(v) = (mu_2 - mu_1)/( R)` when refraction occurs from rarer to denser medium at a concave spherical refracting surface.

Discuss briefly refraction from rarer to denser medium at a concave spherical refracting surface.

Starting new cartesian sign conventions, derive the relation. -frac(mu_1)(u) + frac(mu_2)(v) = frac(mu_2-mu_1)(R) , when refraction occurs from rarer to denser medium at convex spherical refracting surface (mu_1 lt mu_2) . Where u, v and R are object distance, image distance and radius of curvature of spherical surface respectively.

Derive the relation:- frac(mu_2)(v) - frac(mu_1)(u) = frac(mu_2 - mu_1) (R) when light undergoes refraction fromoptically rarer to optically denser medium at curved surface.

When refraction occurs from denser to……….., then (mu_2)/(mu_1) = …………. .

Obtain lens makers formula using the expression (mu_1)/u + (mu_2)/v = (mu_2-mu_1)/R Here the ray of light propagating from a rare r medium of rerfracitve index (mu_1) to a dneser medium of refractive indes (mu_2) is incident on the convex side of spherical refracting surface of radius of curvature R.

When reflection occurs from denser to………….., then (mu_(2))/(mu_(1)) = ……… .