Write a detailed note on binary oxides.

Explanation

A binary compound of oxygen with another element is called oxide.
The oxides can be simple (e.g., MgO, `Al_2O_3`) or mixed (`Pb_3O_4, Fe_3O_4`). Simple oxides can be classified on the basis of their acidic, basic and amphoteric character.
Acidic oxides : The oxides that gives an acid when combines with water are called acidic oxides. Generally, the oxides of non-metals are acidic however, the metallic oxides with high oxidation states of metal are also known to show acidic nature.
Examples of non-metallic oxides: `SO_(2), CO_(2), P_(4)O_(10),l Cl_(2)O_(7), N_(2)O_(5)` etc.
`SO_(2) + H_(2)O to H_(2)SO_(3)`
`P_(4)O_(10) + 6H_(2)O to 4H_(3)PO_(4)`
Example of acidic metal oxides : `Mn_2O_7`
Basic oxides : The oxides that gives a base when combined with water are known as basic oxides.
For example : `Na_2O, CaO, BaO` etc. are basic oxides. Some metals in low oxidation state also show basic nature Ex. : MnO
`CaO + H_(2)O to Ca(OH)_(2)`
`Na_(2)O + H_(2)O to 2NaOH`
Amphoteric oxides : Some metallic oxides such as `Al_2O_3, ZnO, Cr_2O_3` etc. shows dual behaviour. They show characteristics of both acidic as well as basic oxides. Such oxides are known as amphoteric oxides.
`Al_(2)O_(3)(s) + 6HCl(aq) + 9H_(2)O(l) to 2[Al(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(aq)^(3) + 6Cl_(aq)^(-)`
`Al_(2)O_(3)(s) + 6NaOH_(aq) + 3H_(2)O (l) to 2Na_(3)[Al(OH)_(6)]_(aq)`
Neutral oxides :
The acids that neither combines with acids nor bases are called neutral oxides. Examples of neutral oxides are CO, NO and `N_2O`.