Write the characteristics of equipotential surface.

Explanation

If the electric potential along every point of any imaginary surface in an electric field is the same, then such a surface is called an equipotential surface.
(1) The electric potential of a single charge q to distance r is,
`V= (kq)/(r) :. V prop (1)/(r)`
This shows that V is a constant if r is constant. Hence surface passing through points having same r obtain as spherical and its radius is r and q is the electric charge on the centre as shown in below figure.

ore than one equipotential surfaces can be drawn for different radius.
early the field lines at every point is normal to the equipotential surface passing through that point.
he electric field lines for a single charge q are radial lines starting from or cnding at the charge are depending on whether q is positive or negative which is shown in this figure.

(2) Equipotential surfaces for a dipole is as shown in below figure.

(3) Equipotential surfaces for two identicz positive or negative charges as shown i below figure.

(4) For a uniform electric field E, along the -axis the equipotential surfaces are planes normal to the x-axis, means plane paralle! to the y-z planes as shown in below figure.