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Some animals convert highly toxic NH(3) ...

Some animals convert highly toxic `NH_(3)` into least toxic trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and retain high concentration of TMAO and urea to minimise `H_(2)O` loss from body are

A

Sharks and rays

B

Fresh water bony

C

Myxine

D

Marine bony fishes

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The correct Answer is:
A
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Human blood has a narrow Ph range of 7.3-7.4 , which must be maintained for methabolic processes to function properly. To keep the Ph in this range requires a delicate balance between the concentration of the conjugate acid-base pairs making upto the buffer system. The main buffer is a carbonic acid/ hydrogencarbonate system, which involves the following three equilibria. CO_(2)(g)hArrCO_(2)(aq) CO_(2)(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrH_(2)CO_(3)(aq) H_(2)CO(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrHCO_(3)^(-)(aq)+H_(3)O^(+)(aq) Carbonic acid (H_(2)CO_(3)) is a weak acid and HCO_(3)^(-) (aq) is its conjugate base. At the temperature of the human body, the pK_(a) for carbonic acid is 6.4 However, the normal concentration of CO_(2)(g) in the lungs maintanis a ratio of HCO_(3)^(-)(aq)//H_(2)CO_(3)(aq) in blood plasma of about 8:1 . The carbonic acid concentration in the bloos is largely controlled by breathing and respiration. Hydrogencarbonate ion concentration is largely controlled by excreation in urine. If blood pH rises above 7.4 , a potentially life-threatening conditon called alkalosis can result. This can happen in patients who are hyperventilating from severse anxiety, or in climbers suffereing from oxygen deficency at high altitude. (Given: log 2=0.3) Calculate pH of blood at the temperature of the human body.

Human blood has a narrow Ph range of 7.3-7.4 , which must be maintained for methabolic processes to function properly. To keep the Ph in this range requires a delicate balance between the concentration of the conjugate acid-base pairs making upto the buffer system. The main buffer is a carbonic acid/ hydrogencarbonate system, which involves the following three equilibria. CO_(2)(g)hArrCO_(2)(aq) CO_(2)(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrH_(2)CO_(3)(aq) H_(2)CO(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrHCO_(3)^(-)(aq)+H_(3)O^(+)(aq) Carbonic acid (H_(2)CO_(3)) is a weak acid and HCO_(3)^(-) (aq) is its conjugate base. At the temperature of the human body, the pK_(a) for carbonic acid is 6.4 However, the normal concentration of CO_(2)(g) in the lungs maintanis a ratio of HCO_(3)^(-)(aq)//H_(2)CO_(3)(aq) in blood plasma of about 8:1 . The carbonic acid concentration in the bloos is largely controlled by breathing and respiration. Hydrogencarbonate ion concentration is largely controlled by excreation in urine. If blood pH rises above 7.4 , a potentially life-threatening conditon called alkalosis can result. This can happen in patients who are hyperventilating from severse anxiety, or in climbers suffereing from oxygen deficency at high altitude. (Given: log 2=0.3) Calculate the maximum permissible value of ([H_(2)CO_(3)])/([HCO_(3)^(-)]) in the human blood to just prevent alkalosis.

Human blood has a narrow Ph range of 7.3-7.4 , which must be maintained for methabolic processes to function properly. To keep the Ph in this range requires a delicate balance between the concentration of the conjugate acid-base pairs making upto the buffer system. The main buffer is a carbonic acid/ hydrogencarbonate system, which involves the following three equilibria. CO_(2)(g)hArrCO_(2)(aq) CO_(2)(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrH_(2)CO_(3)(aq) H_(2)CO(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrHCO_(3)^(-)(aq)+H_(3)O^(+)(aq) Carbonic acid (H_(2)CO_(3)) is a weak acid and HCO_(3)^(-) (aq) is its conjugate base. At the temperature of the human body, the pK_(a) for carbonic acid is 6.4 However, the normal concentration of CO_(2)(g) in the lungs maintanis a ratio of HCO_(3)^(-)(aq)//H_(2)CO_(3)(aq) in blood plasma of about 8:1 . The carbonic acid concentration in the bloos is largely controlled by breathing and respiration. Hydrogencarbonate ion concentration is largely controlled by excreation in urine. If blood pH rises above 7.4 , a potentially life-threatening conditon called alkalosis can result. This can happen in patients who are hyperventilating from severse anxiety, or in climbers suffereing from oxygen deficency at high altitude. (Given: log 2=0.3) Select the correct option.

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. (a) Kidney plays very significant role in the removal of NH_(3) (b) Terrestial adaptation necessitated the production of more toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid for conservation of water . (c) Some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of some of the ureotelic animals to maintain a desired osmolarity. (d) Uricotelic animals excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water .

Limiting reactant: Urea [(NH_(2))_(2) CO] used as ferlilzer as animal feed, and in polymer industry, is prepared by the reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide: 2NH_(3)(g) + CO_(2) (g) rarr (NH_(2))_(2) CO(aq.) + H_(2) O(1) In one process , 637.2g of NH_(3) is allowed to react with 11.42g of CO_(2) (i) Which of the two reactants is the limiting reactant? (ii) Calculate the mass of (NH_(2))_(2) CO formed? (iii) How much of the excess reagent (in grams) is left at the end of the reaction? Strategy: (i) Since we cannot tell by inspection which of the two recantants is the limiting reacant, we have to procced by first converting their masses into number of moles. Take each reactnat in turn and ask how many moles of product (urea) would be obtained if each were completely consumed. The reactant that gives the smaller number of moles of producet is the limiting reactant. (ii) Convert the moles of product obtained to grams of product. (iii) From the moles of product, calculate to grams fo excess reactant needed int he reaction. Then subtract this qunitity from the grams of the reactant available to find the quanity of the excess reactant remaining.

AAKASH INSTITUTE-EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION-EXERCISE
  1. Most of vertebrates can maintain a constant internal osmolarity differ...

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  2. Some animals convert highly toxic NH(3) into least toxic trimethylamin...

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  3. Find out incorrect statement w.r.t. the human kidney

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  4. The opening of urinary bladder is guarded by two urethral sphincter, w...

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  5. Find out incorrect statement w.r.t. the cortical nephrons

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  6. Where do you find podocyte cells in human body ?

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  7. Proximal convoluted tuble is highly specialized for reabsorption of su...

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  8. Which of the following cannot be considered as part of structur of uri...

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  9. The most advanced kidneys in which loop of Henle is present are called...

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  10. Which of the following structure helps in exoretion and conservation o...

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  11. Hypersomlarity of interstitial fluid in renal medulla is maintained by...

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  12. How much amount of blood passes through the kidneys per minute in a he...

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  13. Chemically glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma, except

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  14. A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to release "" which can stimul...

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  15. Substances like glucose, amino acid NA^(+) etc. in the filtrate are re...

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  16. Osmotic concentration of flomerular filtrate is the highest at the bot...

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  17. Which part of nephron is impermeable of H(2)O but allows transport of ...

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  18. Counter current machanism helps in concentrating urine in animals and ...

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  19. Diuretic substances like tea, coffee, alcohol etc. increases urine upt...

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  20. Mark the inappropriate term w.r.t. the glomerular filtration

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