Explain isomerism in Haloalkanes.

Explanation

Haloalkanes show three types of isomerism :
(i) Chain isomerism
(ii) Position isomerism
(iii) Optical isomerism
(i) Chain isomerism : When two or more haloalkanes with same molecular formula differ in the size of chain of carbon atoms, they are said to chain isomers of each other.
`underset("1-chlorobutane")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-Cl) " " underset("1-chloro-2-methylpropane")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3)" ")overset("| ")("CH ")-CH_(2)-Cl)`
(ii) Position isomerism : When two or more haloalkanes with same molecular formula differ in the position of halogen atoms attached to different carbon atams of the chain, they are said to be position isomers of each other.
`underset("1-Chloropropane")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-Cl)" "underset("2 - Chloropropane")(CH_(3)-overset("Cl ")overset("| ")("CH")-CH_(3))`
(iii) Optical isomerism : The haloalkanes with same molecular formula and structural formula when differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms or group of atoms rotates the plane polarised light are called optical isomers.