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(A): SiF4 is non polar even though fluo...

(A): `SiF_4 ` is non polar even though fluorine is much more electronegative than silicon (B) : The four bond dipoles cancel one another in `SiF_4` molecule

A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

B

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C

(A) is true but (R) is false

D

(A) is false but (R) is true

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The correct Answer is:
A
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The concept of electronegativity (EN) is mainly to discuss the nature of chemical bonding, EN of an atom is the measure of its capacity to attract the shared electron pair towards itself. Linus Pauling compiled the values of EN that are most widely used, and that are displayed for a few elements in Table - 1. These values are based on bond energy differences between atoms bonded to themselves (e.g. A-A) and to other atoms (e.g. A-B), and an arbitary value of 4 to fluorine (most electronegative element) Mulliken regarded electronegativity as the average value of ionization energy and electron affinity of an atom EN= 1/2 (IE+EA). Both IE and EA are expressed in electron volts. In the Table-2, values of IE and EA for several elements are listed Table-3 shows the values of dipole moments and bond energies for simple molecules. Which of the following best describes the relationship of electronegativity, bond energy moment in a diatomic molecule ?

Oxidation number is the charge which an atom of an element has in its ion or appears to have when present in the combined state. It is also called oxidation state. Oxidation number of any atom in the elementary state is zero. Oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is equal to the charge on it. In compounds of metals with non metals, metals have positive oxidation number while non metals have negative oxidation numbers. In compounds of two difference elements, the more electronegative element has negative oxidation number whereas the other has positive oxidation number. In complex ions, the sum of the oxidation number of all the atoms is equal to the charge on the ion. If a compound contains two or more atoms of the same element, they may have same or different oxidation states according as their chemical bonding is same or different. The oxidation state of the most electronegative element in the products of the reaction between BaO_(2) and H_(2)SO_(4) are

Covalent molecules formed by heteroatoms bound to have some ionic character. The ionic character is due to shifting of the electron pair towards A or B in the molecule AB. Hence, atoms acquire small and equal charge but opposite in sign. Such a bond which has some ionic character is described as polar covalent bond. Polar covalent molecules can exhibit dipole moment. Dipole moment is equal to the product of charge separation, q and the bond length, d for the bond. The unit of dipole moment is Debye. One Debye is equal to 10^(-18) esu cm. Dipole moment is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Hence, dipole moment of molecules depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipoles, but not on the polarity of bonds alone. A symmetrical structure shows zero dipole moment. Thus, dipole moments help to predict the geometry of the molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between cis-and traps-isomers, ortho-, meta-and para-forms of a substance, etc. The percentage of ionic character of a bond can be calculated by the application of the following formula : % " ionic character " = ("Experimental value of dipole moment ")/("Theoretical value of dipole moment ") xx 100 Which are non-polar molecules?

Covalent molecules formed by heteroatoms bound to have some ionic character. The ionic character is due to shifting of the electron pair towards A or B in the molecule AB. Hence, atoms acquire small and equal charge but opposite in sign. Such a bond which has some ionic character is described as polar covalent bond. Polar covalent molecules can exhibit dipole moment. Dipole moment is equal to the product of charge separation, q and the bond length, d for the bond. The unit of dipole moment is Debye. One Debye is equal to 10^(-18) esu cm. Dipole moment is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Hence, dipole moment of molecules depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipoles, but not on the polarity of bonds alone. A symmetrical structure shows zero dipole moment. Thus, dipole moments help to predict the geometry of the molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between cis-and traps-isomers, ortho-, meta-and para-forms of a substance, etc. The percentage of ionic character of a bond can be calculated by the application of the following formula : % " ionic character " = ("Experimental value of dipole moment ")/("Theoretical value of dipole moment ") xx 100 The dipole moment of NF_(3) is very much less than that of NH_(3) because :

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Hydrogen bonding is said to be formed, -when sightly acidic hydrogen-atom attached to a strongly, electronegative fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom. is held with weak. electrostatic forces by the non-bonded pair of electrons of another atom. The co-ordination number of hydrogen in such cases is two. It acts as a bridge between two atoms, to one of which it is covalently bonded and to other attached through electrostatic forces, also called hydrogen bond. Though the hydrogen atoms in a methyl group are not polarised, if an electronegative group like chloro, carbonyl, nitro or cyano (in order to increase electronegativity) is attached to it, the C-H bond gets polarised due to the inductive effect and the hydrogen atom becomes slightly acidic resulting in the formation of weak hydrogen bonds. Though a weak bond the H-bond effects is large number of the physical properties of compounds some of which are - Boiling points of liquids - Solubility of polar compounds in polar solvents (containig H attached with strong electronegative atom) - Viscosity of liquids . Acidity Which of the following combinations can involve hydrogen bonding I) Mixture of KF and HF " " II) Mixture of CH_(3)COCH_(3) and CHCI_(3) III) Mixture of NH_(4) CI and H_(2)O" " IV) Mixture of CH_(3) and H_(2)O

Covalent molecules formed by heteroatoms bound to have some ionic character. The ionic character is due to shifting of the electron pair towards A or B in the molecule AB. Hence, atoms acquire small and equal charge but opposite in sign. Such a bond which has some ionic character is described as polar covalent bond. Polar covalent molecules can exhibit dipole moment. Dipole moment is equal to the product of charge separation, q and the bond length, d for the bond. The unit of dipole moment is Debye. One Debye is equal to 10^(-18) esu cm. Dipole moment is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Hence, dipole moment of molecules depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipoles, but not on the polarity of bonds alone. A symmetrical structure shows zero dipole moment. Thus, dipole moments help to predict the geometry of the molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between cis-and traps-isomers, ortho-, meta-and para-forms of a substance, etc. The percentage of ionic character of a bond can be calculated by the application of the following formula : % " ionic character " = ("Experimental value of dipole moment ")/("Theoretical value of dipole moment ") xx 100 Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of dipole moments, toluene (I), o- dichlorobenzene (II), m-dicblorobenzene (III) and p dichlorobenzene (IV) :

AAKASH SERIES-CHEMICAL BONDING-OBJECTIVE EXERCISE-3
  1. Which bond angle theta would result in the maximum dipolemoment for th...

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  2. If the bond length and dipolemoment of a diatomic molecule are 1.25A^@...

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  3. (A): The dipole moment value of NH3 is greater than zero (B): In NH3 b...

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  4. (A): SiF4 is non polar even though fluorine is much more electronegat...

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  5. A: SO(2) molecule has unsymmetrical shape R: The dipole moment of SO...

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  6. The following are some statements about dipole moment. i. The dipole...

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  7. From the following given statements of the order of dipolemoments. (...

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  8. Which of the following has highest dipole moment?

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  9. The Cl-O bond order in perchlorate ion

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  10. Which of the following is more stable

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  11. The bond dissociation of the molecules A2 , B2,C2 are 498, 158, 945 kJ...

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  12. The table shown lists the bond dissociation energies (E("diss")) for s...

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  13. The correct order of N -O bond length in NO, NO(2)^(-) , NO(3)^(-) an...

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  14. The correct order of increasing C-O bond length of CO,CO(3)^(2-) and C...

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  15. The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC(2) are

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  16. KF combines with HF to form KHF(2). The compound contains the species

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  17. The bond order of individual carbon bonds in benzene is

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  18. In which of the following species the inter atomic bond angle is 109^@...

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  19. Which one of the following pairs of molecules will have permenant dipo...

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  20. Which of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle in its mo...

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