The first `(Delta_iH_1)` and the second `(Delta_iH_2)` ionisation enthalpies in `"kJmol"^(-1)` and the electron gain enthalpy `(Delta_(eg)H)` in `"kJmol"^(-1)` of a few elements are given below:
`{:("Elements",Delta_iH_1,Delta_iH_2,Delta_(eg)H),("(P)",520,7300,-60),("(Q)",419,3051,-48),("(R)",1681,3374,-328),("(S)",1008,1846,-295),("(T)",2372,5251,+48),("(U)",738,1451,-40):}`
Which one of the above elements is least reactive?
The first `(Delta_iH_1)` and the second `(Delta_iH_2)` ionisation enthalpies in `"kJmol"^(-1)` and the electron gain enthalpy `(Delta_(eg)H)` in `"kJmol"^(-1)` of a few elements are given below:
`{:("Elements",Delta_iH_1,Delta_iH_2,Delta_(eg)H),("(P)",520,7300,-60),("(Q)",419,3051,-48),("(R)",1681,3374,-328),("(S)",1008,1846,-295),("(T)",2372,5251,+48),("(U)",738,1451,-40):}`
Which one of the above elements is least reactive?
`{:("Elements",Delta_iH_1,Delta_iH_2,Delta_(eg)H),("(P)",520,7300,-60),("(Q)",419,3051,-48),("(R)",1681,3374,-328),("(S)",1008,1846,-295),("(T)",2372,5251,+48),("(U)",738,1451,-40):}`
Which one of the above elements is least reactive?
A
(R)
B
(S)
C
(T)
D
(U)
Text Solution
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The correct Answer is:
C
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The first (DletaH) and second ionisation enthalipies (DeltaH_(2)) in kJmol^(-1) and the electron gain enthalpy (DeltaHg) in kJmol^(-1) of a few elements are given below: Which element is likely a) the least reactive element c) the most reactive non-metal b) the most reactive metal d) the least reactive non-metal f) the metal which can form a predominantly stable covalent halide of the formula MX.
Chemical reactions are invariably associated with the transfer of energy either in the form of hear or light. In the laboratory, heat changes in physical and chemical processes are measured with an instrument called calorimeter. Heat change in the process is calculated as: q= ms Delta T , s= Specific heat = c Delta T = Heat capacity. Heat of reaction at constant pressure is measured using simple or water calorimeter. Q_(v)= Delta U = Internal energy change, Q_(P) = DeltaH, Q_(P) = Q_(V) + P Delta V and DeltaH = Delta U+ Delta nRT . The amount of energy released during a chemical change depends on the physical state of reactants and products, the condition of pressure, temperature and volume at which the reaction is carried out. The variation of heat of reaction with temperature and pressure is given by Kirchoff's equation: (DeltaH_(2) - DeltaH_(1))/(T_(2)-T_(1))= Delta C_(P) (At constant pressure), (DeltaU_(2) - DeltaU_(1))/(T_(2)-T_(1)) = DeltaC_(V) (At constant volume) The enthalpy change (DeltaH) for the reaction N_(2) (g) + 3H_(2)(g) rarr 2NH_(3)(g) is -92.38kJ at 298 K. The internal energy change DeltaU at 298 K is
Chemical reactions are invariably assocated with the transfer of energy either in the form of heat or light. In the laboratory, heat changes in physical and chemical processes are measured with an instrument called calorimeter. Heat change in the process is calculated as: q= ms DeltaT , s= specific heat = c Delta T , c= heat capacity Heat of reaction at constant volume is measured using bomb calorimeter. qv= Delta U= internal energy change. Heat of reaction at constant pressure is measured using simple or water calorimeter. q_(p) = Delta H, q_(p) = q_(v) + P Delta V, DeltaH = DeltaU + Delta nRT The amount of energy released during a chemical change depnds on the physical state of reactants and products, the condition of pressure, temperature and volume at which the reaction is carried out. The variation of heat of reaction with temperature and pressure is given by Kirchhoff's equation: (DeltaH_(2)- DeltaH_(1))/(TT_(2)-T_(1)) = DeltaC_(P) (At constant pressure), (DeltaU_(2)- DeltaU_(1))/(TT_(2)-T_(1)) = DeltaC_(V) (At constant volume) DeltaC_(P) for a reaction is given by 0.2T cal/deg. Its enthalpy of reaction at 10K is -14.2 kcal. Its enthalpy of reaction at 100K in kcal will be
Chemical reactions are invariably assocated with the transfer of energy either in the form of heat or light. In the laboratory, heat changes in physical and chemical processes are measured with an instrument called calorimeter. Heat change in the process is calculated as: q= ms DeltaT , s= specific heat = c Delta T , c= heat capacity Heat of reaction at constant volume is measured using bomb calorimeter. qv= Delta U= internal energy change. Heat of reaction at constant pressure is measured using simple or water calorimeter. q_(p) = Delta H, q_(p) = q_(v) + P Delta V, DeltaH = DeltaU + Delta nRT The amount of energy released during a chemical change depnds on the physical state of reactants and products, the condition of pressure, temperature and volume at which the reaction is carried out. The variation of heat of reaction with temperature and pressure is given by Kirchhoff's equation: (DeltaH_(2)- DeltaH_(1))/(TT_(2)-T_(1)) = DeltaC_(P) (At constant pressure), (DeltaU_(2)- DeltaU_(1))/(TT_(2)-T_(1)) = DeltaC_(V) (At constant volume) The heat capacity of bomb calorimeter (with its contents) is 500J/K. When 0.1g of CH_(4) was burnt in this calorimeter the temperature rose by 2^(@)C . The value of DeltaU per mole will be
Chemical reactions are invariably associated with the transfer of energy either in the form of hear or light. In the laboratory, heat changes in physical and chemical processes are measured with an instrument called calorimeter. Heat change in the process is calculated as: q= ms Delta T , s= Specific heat = c Delta T = Heat capacity. Heat of reaction at constant pressure is measured using simple or water calorimeter. Q_(v)= Delta U = Internal energy change, Q_(P) = DeltaH, Q_(P) = Q_(V) + P Delta V and DeltaH = Delta U+ Delta nRT . The amount of energy released during a chemical change depends on the physical state of reactants and products, the condition of pressure, temperature and volume at which the reaction is carried out. The variation of heat of reaction with temperature and pressure is given by Kirchoff's equation: (DeltaH_(2) - DeltaH_(1))/(T_(2)-T_(1))= Delta C_(P) (At constant pressure), (DeltaU_(2) - DeltaU_(1))/(T_(2)-T_(1)) = DeltaC_(V) (At constant volume) The specific heat of I_(2) in vapoour and solid state are 0.031 and 0.055 cal/g respectively. The heat of sublimation of iodine at 200^(@)C is 6.096 kcal mol^(-1) . The heat of sublimation of iodine at 250^(0)C will be
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The only electron in the hydrogen atom resides under ordinary conditions on the first orbit. When energy is supplied, the electron moves to higher energy orbit depending on the amount of energy absorbed. When this electron returns to any of the lower orbits, it emits energy. Lyman series is formed when the electron returns to the lowest orbit while Balmer series is formed when the electron returns to second orbit. Similarly, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund series are formed when electron returns to the third, fourth orbits from higher energy orbits respectively (as shown in figure) Maximum number of lines produced when an electron jumps from nth level to ground level is equal to (n(n-1))/(2) . For example, in the case of n = 4, number of lines produced is 6. (4 rarr 3, 4 rarr 2, 4 rarr 1, 3 rarr 2, 3 rarr 1, 2 rarr 1) . When an electron returns from n_(2) to n_(1) state, the number of lines in the spectrum will be equal to ((n_(2) - n_(1))(n_(2)-n_(1) +1))/(2) If the electron comes back from energy level having energy E_(2) to energy level having energy E_(2) then the difference may be expressed in terms of energy of photon as E_(2) - E_(1) = Delta E, lambda = (h c)/(Delta E) . Since h and c are constant, Delta E corresponds to definite energy, thus each transition from one energy level to another will prouce a higher of definite wavelength. THis is actually observed as a line in the spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave number of the line is given by the formula bar(v) = RZ^(2)((1)/(n_(1)^(2)) - (1)/(n_(2)^(2))) Where R is a Rydberg constant (R = 1.1 xx 10^(7)) (i) First line of a series : it is called .line of logest wavelength. or .line of shortest energy.. (ii) Series limit of last of a series : It is the line of shortest wavelength or line of highest energy. The difference in the wavelength of the 2^(nd) line of Lyman series and last line of Bracket series in a hydrogen sample is
The only electron in the hydrogen atom resides under ordinary conditions on the first orbit. When energy is supplied, the electron moves to higher energy orbit depending on the amount of energy absorbed. When this electron returns to any of the lower orbits, it emits energy. Lyman series is formed when the electron returns to the lowest orbit while Balmer series is formed when the electron returns to second orbit. Similarly, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund series are formed when electron returns to the third, fourth orbits from higher energy orbits respectively (as shown in figure) Maximum number of lines produced when an electron jumps from nth level to ground level is equal to (n(n-1))/(2) . For example, in the case of n = 4, number of lines produced is 6. (4 rarr 3, 4 rarr 2, 4 rarr 1, 3 rarr 2, 3 rarr 1, 2 rarr 1) . When an electron returns from n_(2) to n_(1) state, the number of lines in the spectrum will be equal to ((n_(2) - n_(1))(n_(2)-n_(1) +1))/(2) If the electron comes back from energy level having energy E_(2) to energy level having energy E_(2) then the difference may be expressed in terms of energy of photon as E_(2) - E_(1) = Delta E, lambda = (h c)/(Delta E) . Since h and c are constant, Delta E corresponds to definite energy, thus each transition from one energy level to another will prouce a higher of definite wavelength. THis is actually observed as a line in the spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave number of the line is given by the formula bar(v) = RZ^(2)((1)/(n_(1)^(2)) - (1)/(n_(2)^(2))) Where R is a Rydberg constant (R = 1.1 xx 10^(7)) (i) First line of a series : it is called .line of logest wavelength. or .line of shortest energy.. (ii) Series limit of last of a series : It is the line of shortest wavelength or line of highest energy. Let v_(1) be the frequency of the series limit of the Lyman series, v_(2) be the frequency of the first line of the Lyman series, and v_(3) be the frequency of the series limit of the Balmer series
The only electron in the hydrogen atom resides under ordinary conditions on the first orbit. When energy is supplied, the electron moves to higher energy orbit depending on the amount of energy absorbed. When this electron returns to any of the lower orbits, it emits energy. Lyman series is formed when the electron returns to the lowest orbit while Balmer series is formed when the electron returns to second orbit. Similarly, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund series are formed when electron returns to the third, fourth orbits from higher energy orbits respectively (as shown in figure) Maximum number of lines produced when an electron jumps from nth level to ground level is equal to (n(n-1))/(2) . For example, in the case of n = 4, number of lines produced is 6. (4 rarr 3, 4 rarr 2, 4 rarr 1, 3 rarr 2, 3 rarr 1, 2 rarr 1) . When an electron returns from n_(2) to n_(1) state, the number of lines in the spectrum will be equal to ((n_(2) - n_(1))(n_(2)-n_(1) +1))/(2) If the electron comes back from energy level having energy E_(2) to energy level having energy E_(2) then the difference may be expressed in terms of energy of photon as E_(2) - E_(1) = Delta E, lambda = (h c)/(Delta E) . Since h and c are constant, Delta E corresponds to definite energy, thus each transition from one energy level to another will prouce a higher of definite wavelength. THis is actually observed as a line in the spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave number of the line is given by the formula bar(v) = RZ^(2)((1)/(n_(1)^(2)) - (1)/(n_(2)^(2))) Where R is a Rydberg constant (R = 1.1 xx 10^(7)) (i) First line of a series : it is called .line of logest wavelength. or .line of shortest energy.. (ii) Series limit of last of a series : It is the line of shortest wavelength or line of highest energy. The wave number of electromagnetic radiation emitted during the transition of electron in between two levels of Li^(2+) ion whose principal quantum numbers sum if 4 and difference is 2 is
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