Rajeev and Sanjeev are managers in the same organisation heading different units. While discussing about the functions of management, Rajeev says that 'Planning is looking ahead whereas controlling is looking back'. But Sanjeev says, 'You are wrong because planning is looking back whereas controlling is looling ahead.' Both are giving reasons in facour of their statements.
Explain the possible reasons given by both and justify who is correct.

Explanation

In the given case, both Rajeev and Sanjeev are wrong because planning and controlling both are forward-looking functions.
Both are Forward-looking as well as Backward-looking Functions
(i) Planning is a forward-looking function Planning involves setting objectives and deciding the future course of action to achieve them. Thus, it is regarded as a forward-looking function
(ii) Controlling is a backward-looking function
Controlling involves a post-mortem of the past activities of an enterprise are finding out deviations from the targeted standard. Thus, it is regarded as a backward-looking function.
(iii) Planning is a backward-looking function Planning is guided by past experiences and corrective actions taken in the controlling process. Thus, it is regarded as a backward-looking function
(iv) Controlling is a forward-looking function The process of control necessarily involves analysing deviation and taking corrective action, which aims to improve future performance and achievement of predetermined goals. Thus, it is regarded as a forward-looking function