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whole scheme of transfer of electrons , ...

whole scheme of transfer of electrons , starting from the PS II, uphill to the acceptor, down the electron transport chain to PS I ,excitation of elecitations, transfer to another acceptor, and finally down hill to NADP+ causing it to be reducedd to `NADPH +H^(+)` is called

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

B

Cycllic photophosphorylation

C

PCR cycle

D

Z-scheme

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The correct Answer is:
D
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Assertion :- The whole scheme of transfer of elec- trons strarting from PS-II to NADP+is called z- zcheme, Reason :- When all the carriers of this scheme are placed in sequence on a redox potential scale. They appear like Z.

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The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. The decreasing order of basic strength in underset("(I)")(C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2))," "underset("(II)")((C_(6)H_(5))_(2)NH)," "underset("(III)")(CH_(3)NH_(2))," "underset("(IV)")(NH_(3)) is:

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AAKASH INSTITUTE-PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS -Exercise
  1. Select incorrt statatment

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  2. Primary electron acceptor in cyclic photophosphorylation is

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  3. whole scheme of transfer of electrons , starting from the PS II, uphil...

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  4. Which of the following is not a requirement of chemiosmosis ?

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  5. Stroma lamellae membrane lacks

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  6. The most crcial step of the Calvin cycle is

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  7. Which on of the following statement is incorrect for carboxylating enz...

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  8. ATP as well as NADPH + H^(+) both are required during the conversion...

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  9. Regeneration of each RuBP in C(3) cycle requires

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  10. Dobule carboxylation with spatial differnece is characteristic of

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  11. primary carboxylating enzme in C(4) plants is found in

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  12. How many additional ATP are used during synthesis of two molecules of...

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  13. In photorespiration , glycolate and glycine synthesis occurs respecit...

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  14. Photorespiration occurs in

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  15. The primary CO(2) acceptor molecule during the C(3) cycle is a

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  16. Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants are dependent...

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  17. The C(3) plants show CO(2) satruration

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  18. Plants show light saturation effect at of full sunlight

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  19. mark the odd one ( w.r.t internal factors affecting photosythesis )

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  20. Minimum photosythesis takes place in

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