The process of making soap by the hydrolysis of fats and oils with alkalis is called

Options

A. hydrolysis
B. saponification
C. esterification
D. none of the above

Explanation

To answer the question, "The process of making soap by the hydrolysis of fats and oils with alkalis is called," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Process**: The question refers to a specific chemical process involving fats and oils. We need to identify what happens during this process when fats and oils react with alkalis.

2. **Identifying the Reaction**: When fats and oils (which are triglycerides) undergo hydrolysis, they react with alkalis such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). This reaction is essential for soap production.

3. **Chemical Reaction**: The hydrolysis of fats and oils in the presence of an alkali leads to the formation of soap and glycerol. The general reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{Fat/Oil} + \text{Alkali} \rightarrow \text{Soap} + \text{Glycerol} \]

4. **Naming the Process**: The specific term used to describe this process of making soap through the hydrolysis of fats and oils with alkalis is known as **saponification**.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the answer to the question is that the process of making soap by the hydrolysis of fats and oils with alkalis is called **saponification**.

### Final Answer:
The process of making soap by the hydrolysis of fats and oils with alkalis is called **saponification**.

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