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(A) HClO is stronger acid than HBrO (R...

(A) HClO is stronger acid than HBrO
(R ) Greater is the electronegativity of the halogen , greater will be attraction of electron pair towards it and hence more easily the `H^(+)` ion will be released.

A

Both (A) and (R ) are true and (R ) is the correct explanation of (A)

B

Both (A) and (R ) are true and (R ) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C

(A) is true but (R ) is false

D

Both (A) and (R ) are false

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The correct Answer is:
A
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(A): HBr is stronger acid than HI. (R) : Bromine is more electronegative than iodine.

The acidic nature of the oxoacids of chlorine is HOCl ltHClO_(2)ltHClO_(3)ltHClO_(4)-"explain." (Hint : HA+H_(2)O iff H_(3)O^(+)+A^(-) conjugate base, greater the stability of A^(-) , lesser will be its basic strength or greater will be the tendency of HA to release H^(+) . In other words, stronger will be the acid HA. Among the conjugate bases of oxoacids of chlorine, the stability order is "H OCl"^(-)lt ClO_(2)^(-) gt ClO_(3)^(-) gtClO_(4)^(-)

Answer carefully: (a) Two large conducting spheres carrying charges Q_(1) and Q_(2) are brought close to each other. Is the magnitude of electrostatic force between them exactly given by Q_(1),Q_(2)//4pi epsilon_(0)r^(2) , where r is the distance between their centres? (b) If Coulomb’s law involved 1//r^(3) dependence (instead of would Gauss’s law be still true ? (c) A small test charge is released at rest at a point in an electrostatic field configuration. Will it travel along the field line passing through that point? (d) What is the work done by the field of a nucleus in a complete circular orbit of the electron? What if the orbit is elliptical? (e) We know that electric field is discontinuous across the surface of a charged conductor. Is electric potential also discontinuous there? (f) What meaning would you give to the capacitance of a single conductor? (g) Guess a possible reason why water has a much greater dielectric constant (= 80) than say, mica (= 6).

(A): In strong acidic solutions aniline becomes more reactive towards electrophilic reagents. (R): The amino group is completely protonated in strong acidic solution, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen is no longer available for resonance.

Mesomerism is extended resonance. Atoms or groups with lone pairs of electrons release electrons when connected to doubly bonded carbons. It is +M effect. Unsaturated groups when connected to doubly bonded carbons withdraw pi electrons from the doubly bonded carbons. It is -M effect. Here the double bond is the unsaturated group should be between less electronegative atom and more electronegative atom. Mesomeric effect stabilizes or destabilizes the conjugate base of an acid. As a result the acid may be strong or weak has 4(OH) groups. Which -OH is a strong acid?

Mesomerism is extended resonance. Atoms or groups with lone pairs of electrons release electrons when connected to doubly bonded carbons. It is +M effect. Unsaturated groups when connected to doubly bonded carbons withdraw pi electrons from the doubly bonded carbons. It is -M effect. Here the double bond is the unsaturated group should be between less electronegative atom and more electronegative atom. Mesomeric effect stabilizes or destabilizes the conjugate base of an acid. As a result the acid may be strong or weak has 4(OH) groups. Which -OH is a strong acid?

Atoms more complicated than hydrogen have more than one proton in their nucleus. Let Z stands for the number of protons in a nucleus. Also imagine that an atom loses all but one of its electrons so that it changes into a positively charged ion with just one electron. Bohr.s formula for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom can easily be changed to apply to such ions. It becomes E_m = (-Z^2 e^4 m_e)/(8 epsi_0^2 h^2 n^2) , where m= mass of electron , e= change of electron, n = orbit number. The ionization potential of Het in ground state is

alpha - amino acids are high melting crystalline solids because of the zwitterion structure. They are moderately soluble in water. In acidic medium, alpha - amino acids exist as cations (I) and thus migrate towards cathode under the influence of an electric field. On the other hand, in alkaline medium, alpha - amino acids exist as anions (III) and thus migrate towards anode under the influence of an electric field. However, at some intermediate value of p^(H) , the concentration of the cationic form (I) and anionic form (III) will become equal and consequently the alpha - amino acid will exist primarily as the neutral dipolar ion (II). At this p^(H) , there would be no net migration of the amino acid in an electric field. This p^(H) at which there is no net migration of the amino acid under the influence of an applied electric field is called isoelectric point (pI). Each amino acid has a characteristic isoelectric point. The pH of an amino acid that does not have an ionisable side chain such as alanine isd average of pK_(a) values of the carboxyl group and the protonated amino group. H_(3)overset(+)(N)-overset("R")overset("|")("C")H-COOH overset(" "OH^(-)" ")underset(" "H^(+)" ")hArr H_(3)overset(+)(N)-underset("Zwitterion (II)")(overset("R")overset("|")("C")H)-COO^(-)overset(" "OH^(-)" ")underset(" "H^(+)" ")hArr underset((III))(overset(+)(N)-overset("R")overset("|")("C")H)-COO^(-) Further, the alpha - carbon of all the amino acids (except glycine) is chiral (asymmetric) and hence amino acids can exist in teo stereoisomeric forms i.e., D and L. However, all the nautrally occurring amino acids belong to the L - series. underset("L(-)Glyceraldehyde")(HO-overset("CHO ")overset("| ")underset(" "CH_(2)OH)underset("| ")("C ")-H)" " underset("L-Amino acid")(H_(2)N-overset("COOH")overset("| ")underset("R ")underset("| ")("C ")-H) In alanine, carboxyl group ionises at pK_(a1)=2.34 and ammonium ion at pK_(a2)=9.69 . The isoelectric point of the amino acid is at p^(H) .

alpha - amino acids are high melting crystalline solids because of the zwitterion structure. They are moderately soluble in water. In acidic medium, alpha - amino acids exist as cations (I) and thus migrate towards cathode under the influence of an electric field. On the other hand, in alkaline medium, alpha - amino acids exist as anions (III) and thus migrate towards anode under the influence of an electric field. However, at some intermediate value of p^(H) , the concentration of the cationic form (I) and anionic form (III) will become equal and consequently the alpha - amino acid will exist primarily as the neutral dipolar ion (II). At this p^(H) , there would be no net migration of the amino acid in an electric field. This p^(H) at which there is no net migration of the amino acid under the influence of an applied electric field is called isoelectric point (pI). Each amino acid has a characteristic isoelectric point. The pH of an amino acid that does not have an ionisable side chain such as alanine isd average of pK_(a) values of the carboxyl group and the protonated amino group. H_(3)overset(+)(N)-overset("R")overset("|")("C")H-COOH overset(" "OH^(-)" ")underset(" "H^(+)" ")hArr H_(3)overset(+)(N)-underset("Zwitterion (II)")(overset("R")overset("|")("C")H)-COO^(-)overset(" "OH^(-)" ")underset(" "H^(+)" ")hArr underset((III))(overset(+)(N)-overset("R")overset("|")("C")H)-COO^(-) Further, the alpha - carbon of all the amino acids (except glycine) is chiral (asymmetric) and hence amino acids can exist in teo stereoisomeric forms i.e., D and L. However, all the nautrally occurring amino acids belong to the L - series. underset("L(-)Glyceraldehyde")(HO-overset("CHO ")overset("| ")underset(" "CH_(2)OH)underset("| ")("C ")-H)" " underset("L-Amino acid")(H_(2)N-overset("COOH")overset("| ")underset("R ")underset("| ")("C ")-H) Which of structural formula of lysine (NH_(2)-overset("COOH")overset("| ")("C ")H-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)NH_(2)) at pH 13 ?

AAKASH SERIES-VII GROUP ELEMENTS-OBJECTIVE EXERCISE -4
  1. (A): lodine appears in violet colour. (R): Iodine absorbsviolet part...

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  2. (A) :Among hydrogen halides, hydrogen fluoride is least volatile. (R...

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  3. (A) HClO is stronger acid than HBrO (R ) Greater is the electronegat...

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  4. (A) : Fluorine is the best oxidising agent (R ) SRP is highest for F...

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  5. OF^(-) does not exist , though HOF is known (R ) HOF molecule does n...

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  6. (A) Halogens are coloured (R ) Colour is a characristic property of ...

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  7. (A) Bond energy of Cl(2) is less than that of F(2) (R ) Bond energy ...

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  8. (A) Hydration energy of iodide is highest among halides (R ) Greater...

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  9. (A) Highest atomicity of an interhalogen compound is 8 (R ) Highest ...

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  10. (A) Fluoride is oxidised by managanese dioxide (R ) Manganese dioxid...

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  11. (A) Iodine is dissolved well in aqueous KI solution (R ) Iodine form...

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  12. (A) Compared to Br(2),Icl is more reactive (R ) Br(2) is non -polar ...

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  13. (A) Chlorine dioxide is paramagnetic (R ) Chlorine dioxide molecule...

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  14. (A) F-F bond is stronger than Cl -Cl bond (R ) Atomic size of F is l...

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  15. (A) Perhalate ions are tetrahedral in shape (R ) Halogens underdo sp...

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  16. (A) Iodine is least basic whereas fluorine is most basic , among halog...

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  17. F(2) shows disproportionation reactions (R ) F(2) is the weakest oxi...

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  18. (A) The bleaching of flowers by chlorine is permanent while that by SO...

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  19. (A) Halogens have maximum negative electron gain enthalpy in the respe...

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  20. (A) Electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than chlorine but fluor...

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