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Structural isomerism is due to the diffe...

Structural isomerism is due to the difference in the linkage of atoms or groups without any reference to space

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Structural isomers have different covalent linkage of atoms. Stereoisomers are compounds that have same sequence of covalent bonds but differ in the relative dispositions of their atoms in space. Geometri cal and optical isomers are the two important types of configurational isomers. The compound with double bonds or ring structure have restricted rotation, so exist in two geometrical forms. The double bonds in larger rings (ring size 10 carbon large) can also cause geometrical isomerism. The optical isomers rotate the plane of plane-polarised light. A sp^(3) -hybridised carbon atom bearing four different types of substituents is called an asymmetric centre or chiral centre. A chiral object or molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. The stereosomers that the pot mirror images of each other are called diastereomers. Diasteremers have different physical properties. A racemic mixture is optically inactive and contains equal amounts of both the enantiomers. Resolution refers to method of separating a racemic mixture. Into two pure enantiomers. A meso compound is an optically inactive stereoisomer, which is achiral due to the presence of an internal plane of symmetry or centre of symmetry within the molecule. The number of chiral centres present in the following compounds is

Structural isomers have different covalent linkage of atoms. Stereoisomers are compounds that have same sequence of covalent bonds but differ in the relative dispositions of their atoms in space. Geometri cal and optical isomers are the two important types of configurational isomers. The compound with double bonds or ring structure have restricted rotation, so exist in two geometrical forms. The double bonds in larger rings (ring size 10 carbon large) can also cause geometrical isomerism. The optical isomers rotate the plane of plane-polarised light. A sp^(3) -hybridised carbon atom bearing four different types of substituents is called an asymmetric centre or chiral centre. A chiral object or molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. The stereosomers that the pot mirror images of each other are called diastereomers. Diasteremers have different physical properties. A racemic mixture is optically inactive and contains equal amounts of both the enantiomers. Resolution refers to method of separating a racemic mixture. Into two pure enantiomers. A meso compound is an optically inactive stereoisomer, which is achiral due to the presence of an internal plane of symmetry or centre of symmetry within the molecule. The following two compounds are

(A) : Natural rubber and gutta percha are examples of cis-trans isomers. (R) : Cis-trans isomerism arises due to the difference of geometrical arrangement of two different groups on the double bonded carbon atoms.

AAKASH SERIES-GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-Subjective Exercise -8
  1. Compounds having the same molecular formula, same structure with diffe...

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  2. Compounds having the same molecular formula, same structure with diffe...

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  3. Structural isomerism is due to the difference in the linkage of atoms ...

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  4. Structural isomerism is divided into chain, position, function group m...

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  5. Stereoisomerism is due to the difference in arrangement of atoms or gr...

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  6. Stereo isomers have same molecular formula but differ in the spatial a...

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  7. Chain isomerism arises due to difference in the arrangement of carbon ...

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  8. Chain isomers differ in the nature of the carbon chain (skeleton)

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  9. Butane has 2 chain isomers: pentane has 3, hexane has 5 and heptane ha...

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  10. Position isomerism is due to the difference in the position of a funct...

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  11. Compounds having same molecule formula but difference functional group...

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  12. Alchohol's ethers, aldehydes-ketones, carboxylic acids-esters, etc, ar...

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  13. Metamerism is due to the presence of different alkyl groups attached t...

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  14. Ketone secondary amines, ethers etc show metamerism

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  15. Tautomerism is a special type of functional isomerism where the isomer...

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  16. Configurational isomerism is further divided into geometrical isomeris...

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  17. Geometrical isomerism arises due to restricted rotation about carbon-c...

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  18. In cis isomers, same or similar groups are present on the same side of...

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  19. In trans isomer, similar groups are present on the opposite sdie of th...

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  20. Unsymmetrical alkenes and their derivatives, cycloalkane dicarboxylic ...

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