The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either due to the presence of some atom or group in the molecule or under the influence of attacking reagent

Shifting of electrons of a multiple bond under the influence of reagent is called

Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of the shared pair of pi electrons of a multiple bond to one of the atoms in presence of the attacking reagent

The geometry of a molecule depends upon the repulsions between electron pairs present in the valance shell of the central atom. LP - LP repulsions are greater than LP-BP which are greater than BP - BP. A pi bond can not decide the geometry of a molecule because pi bond has no independent exsistance. Deviations in bond angle are due to the presence of lone pairs. In which of the following orientation of electron pairs around the central atom is tetrahedral ?

Structural isomers have different covalent linkage of atoms. Stereoisomers are compounds that have same sequence of covalent bonds but differ in the relative dispositions of their atoms in space. Geometri cal and optical isomers are the two important types of configurational isomers. The compound with double bonds or ring structure have restricted rotation, so exist in two geometrical forms. The double bonds in larger rings (ring size 10 carbon large) can also cause geometrical isomerism. The optical isomers rotate the plane of plane-polarised light. A sp^(3) -hybridised carbon atom bearing four different types of substituents is called an asymmetric centre or chiral centre. A chiral object or molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. The stereosomers that the pot mirror images of each other are called diastereomers. Diasteremers have different physical properties. A racemic mixture is optically inactive and contains equal amounts of both the enantiomers. Resolution refers to method of separating a racemic mixture. Into two pure enantiomers. A meso compound is an optically inactive stereoisomer, which is achiral due to the presence of an internal plane of symmetry or centre of symmetry within the molecule. The number of chiral centres present in the following compounds is

The geometry of a molecule depends upon the repulsions between electron pairs present in the valance shell of the central atom. LP - LP repulsions are greater than LP-BP which are greater than BP - BP. A pi bond can not decide the geometry of a molecule because pi bond has no independent exsistance. Deviations in bond angle are due to the presence of lone pairs. Which of the following molecule is linear in shape ?

The geometry of a molecule depends upon the repulsions between electron pairs present in the valance shell of the central atom. LP - LP repulsions are greater than LP-BP which are greater than BP - BP. A pi bond can not decide the geometry of a molecule because pi bond has no independent exsistance. Deviations in bond angle are due to the presence of lone pairs. Which of the following differs from the rest in geometry ?

Those stereoisomers are called configurational isomers if they differ in spatial arrangement of atom or group and are not interconvertible without cleaving a bond. Geometrical isomer arises due to restricted rotation about a bond or centre. The number of G.I is 2^(n) where n= number of stereoisomers, in some cases the number of G.I is less than 2^(n) in case where either side nomenclature will be possible. The number of G.I. of the compound C_(2)H_(5)-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH_(3) is