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Nucleophiles donate a free electron pair...

Nucleophiles donate a free electron pair to the electron deficient centre of the organic substrate

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The products of bond breaking, shown below, are not stable, and cannot be isolated for prolonged study. Such species are referred to as reactive intermediate, and are belived to be transient intermediates in many reactions. The general structures and names of four such intermediates are, Charged Intermediates Uncharged Intermediates Carbocations (called carbonium ions in the older literature) are electrophiles and carbananions are nucleophiles. Carbenes have only a valence shell sextet of electrons and are therefore electron deficient. In this sense they are elecrophiles, but the non-bonding electron pair also gives carbenes nucleophilic character. As a rule, the electrophilic character dominates carbene reactivity. Carbon radicals have only seven valence electrons, and may be considered electron deficient, however, they do not in general bond to nucleophilic electron pair, so their chemistry exhibits differences from that of conventional electrophiles. Radical intermediates are often called free radicals. Intermediates are in general stabilised with conjugation, electron donating and electron with drawing groups. Which of the following is relatively an unstable intermediate compared to rest ?

AAKASH SERIES-GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-Subjective Exercise -8
  1. Carbon atom in carbene is in sp^(2) hybridisation

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  2. Basing on the nature of the attacking site in the substrate, attacking...

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  3. Nucleophiles donate a free electron pair to the electron deficient cen...

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  4. Nucleophiles are either negatively charged or neutral

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  5. Cl^(-), Br^(-), I^(-), NH(2)^(-) , RNH^(-), R(2)N^(-), OR^(-), RCOO^(-...

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  6. overset(..)(N)H(3), R overset(..)(N)H(2), R(2)NH, R(3) overset(..)(N),...

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  7. Electrophiles are electron deficient and attack the substrate where th...

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  8. Electrophiles are either positively charged or neutral

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  9. H^(+). Cl^(+), Br^(+), I^(+), NO(2)^(+), R(3)C^(+), NH(4)^(+), NO^(+),...

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  10. SO(3), BF(3), AlCl(3), FeCl(3), ZnCl(2), BeCl(2) etc., are neutral ele...

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  11. Nucleophiles act as Lewis bases and electrophiles act as Lewis acids

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  12. Ambiphiles are those species which behave like electrophiles and nucle...

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  13. In substitution reactions, an atom or a group attached to a carbon ato...

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  14. Substitution reactions are further classified as free radical, electro...

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  15. Alkanes undergo free radical substitution, aromatic compounds undergo ...

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  16. If the attaching reagent adds on to the substrate molecule without eli...

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  17. In addition reactions, a triple bond is converted to double bond and a...

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  18. Addition reactions are also of three types: Electrophilic, nucleophili...

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  19. Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo electrophilic addition and carbonyl c...

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  20. In elimination reactions, generally atoms or groups from adjacent carb...

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