Write observation of various experiments which suggest that rays are stream (flow) of negatively charged particles.

Explanation

In 1895 Rontgen invented electron which was landmark to study structure of atom.
In 1870 william crooks inverted cathode rays .
He filled gas in discharge tube.He applied electric field to electode at both end of the tube.
He observed that electric charge is produced which travel to other end and when incident on florescent material,produces samll flickering of yellowish colour.From this he concluded that cathode rays are made up of stream of negatively charged particles.
J.J Thomas first measured speed of cathode rays which was order of `(1)/(2)` to `(1)/(30)` times speed of light `(3xx10^(8)m//s)`
He obtained spcific charge.ratio of charge and mass of electron `((e)/(m))` which was of the order of `1.76xx10^(10)C//kg`
He suggested that specific charge `((e)/(m))` does not depend on type of gas filled in cathode ray tube and also does not depend on metals used as electode.