How is naming of enzymes is done ? Describe types of enzymes with examples.

Explanation

`-` Thousands of enzymes have been discovered, isolated and studied.
- Most of these enzymes have been classified into different groups based on the type of reactions they catalyse.
- Enzymes are divided into 6 classes each with 4-13 subclasses and named accordingly by a four-digit number.
(1) Oxidoreductases/dehydrogenases : Enzymes which catalyse oxidoreduction between two substrates S and S. e.g.,
S reduced + S. oxidised `to` S oxidised + S. reduced.
(2) Transferases : Enzymes catalysing a transfer of a group, G (other than hydrogen) between a pair of substrate S and S. e.g.
`S - G + S. to S + S. - G`
( 3) Hydrolases : Enzymes catalysing hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide, glycosidic, C-C, C-halide or P-N bonds.
(4) Lyases : Enzymes that catalyse removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds.
`overset(X) overset(|)C-overset(Y)overset(|)C to X - Y + C = C`
Isomerases : Includes all enzymes catalysing inter-conversion of optical, geometric or positional isomers.
Ligases : Enzymes catalysing the linking together of 2 compounds, e.g., enzymes which catalyse joining of C-O, C-S, C-N, P-0 etc. bonds.