which of the following favours the existence of a substance in the solid state ?
a) High temperature
b) Low temperature
c) High thermal energy
d) Weak cohesive forces

Options

A. High temperature
B. Low temperature
C. high thermal enery
D. Weak cohesive forces

Explanation

To determine which of the following options favors the existence of a substance in the solid state, we need to analyze each option based on the characteristics of solids.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Solid State Characteristics**:
- Solids have a definite shape and volume due to closely packed particles.
- The particles in solids vibrate in fixed positions but do not move freely, which is influenced by temperature and energy.

2. **Analyzing High Temperature (Option a)**:
- At high temperatures, particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate more vigorously.
- Increased kinetic energy leads to greater molecular motion, which disrupts the orderly arrangement of particles in a solid.
- **Conclusion**: High temperature does not favor the solid state.

3. **Analyzing Low Temperature (Option b)**:
- At low temperatures, the kinetic energy of particles decreases, resulting in slower molecular motion.
- The cohesive forces (intermolecular forces) between particles become more significant, allowing them to stay close together.
- This strong attraction helps maintain the solid structure.
- **Conclusion**: Low temperature favors the solid state.

4. **Analyzing High Thermal Energy (Option c)**:
- High thermal energy corresponds to high kinetic energy.
- Similar to high temperature, increased thermal energy causes particles to move more freely, disrupting the solid state.
- **Conclusion**: High thermal energy does not favor the solid state.

5. **Analyzing Weak Cohesive Forces (Option d)**:
- Weak cohesive forces mean that the intermolecular attractions between particles are not strong enough to hold them together.
- This results in particles being able to move past each other, leading to a liquid or gaseous state rather than a solid.
- **Conclusion**: Weak cohesive forces do not favor the solid state.

### Final Answer:
The option that favors the existence of a substance in the solid state is **b) Low temperature**.