Assertion (A) p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R) Nitro group helps in the stabilisation of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.

Options

A. Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
B. Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
C. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
D. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Explanation

To solve the assertion and reason question regarding the acidity of p-nitrophenol compared to phenol, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Acidity**:
- Acidity of a compound is determined by the stability of its conjugate base after the loss of a proton (H⁺). The more stable the conjugate base, the stronger the acid.

2. **Drawing Structures**:
- Draw the structures of phenol (C₆H₅OH) and p-nitrophenol (C₆H₄(NO₂)OH).
- Identify the functional groups: phenol has a hydroxyl (-OH) group, while p-nitrophenol has a nitro (-NO₂) group in the para position relative to the hydroxyl group.

3. **Formation of Conjugate Bases**:
- Upon losing a proton, phenol forms the phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻).
- p-nitrophenol forms the p-nitrophenoxide ion (C₆H₄(NO₂)O⁻).

4. **Analyzing Stability of Conjugate Bases**:
- The phenoxide ion has a negative charge localized on the oxygen atom.
- The p-nitrophenoxide ion has the nitro group, which is an electron-withdrawing group. This group can stabilize the negative charge on the oxygen through resonance.

5. **Resonance Structures**:
- Draw the resonance structures for both phenoxide and p-nitrophenoxide ions.
- For p-nitrophenoxide, the resonance structures will show the negative charge being delocalized onto the nitro group, which stabilizes the ion.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Since the p-nitrophenoxide ion is more stable due to the resonance stabilization provided by the nitro group, p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
- Therefore, both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are correct.

### Final Answer:
Both the assertion (p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol) and the reason (the nitro group helps in the stabilization of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance) are correct.