Assertion (A) Phenols give o-and p-nitrophenol on nitration with conc. `HNO_(3)` and `H_(2)SO_(4)` mixture.
Reason (R) `-OH` group in phenol is o-,p-directing.
(a)Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(b)Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(c)Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d)Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Options

A. Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
B. Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
C. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
D. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to evaluate both the assertion and the reason provided.

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
The assertion states that phenols give ortho and para nitrophenol on nitration with a concentrated mixture of nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

- When phenol undergoes nitration using this mixture, the expected products are ortho-nitrophenol and para-nitrophenol due to the activating nature of the -OH group. However, the reaction typically leads to the formation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (also known as picric acid) because the -OH group is a strong activating group and can lead to multiple substitutions.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
The reason states that the -OH group in phenol is ortho- and para-directing.

- This statement is correct. The -OH group is an electron-donating group, which increases the electron density at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring, making these positions more reactive towards electrophilic substitution reactions.

### Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- The assertion is incorrect because phenols do not give only ortho and para nitrophenol; they can lead to trinitrophenol.
- The reason is correct as the -OH group is indeed ortho- and para-directing.

### Final Answer
The correct option is (d): Assertion is a wrong statement but reason is a correct statement.

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