State and explain any three factors affecting allele frequency in population.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Gene Migration**:
- Gene migration, also known as gene flow, refers to the movement of alleles from one population to another. When individuals from one population migrate to another, they bring their genetic material with them. This can introduce new alleles into the gene pool of the receiving population, thereby altering the allele frequencies. For example, if a population of butterflies has a specific allele for wing color, and a few butterflies with a different wing color migrate into this population, the allele frequency for wing color will change as a result.

2. **Genetic Drift**:
- Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population. This is particularly significant in small populations where chance events can lead to large changes in allele frequencies. For instance, if a natural disaster randomly kills a large portion of a population, the alleles of the surviving individuals will dominate in the next generation, potentially leading to a loss of genetic diversity. This phenomenon can also lead to the "founder effect," where a small group of individuals establishes a new population, and the allele frequencies in this new population may differ significantly from the original population.

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