(a) Discuss about the major programs that the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has initiated for saving major India rivers from pollution.
(b) Ganga has recently been declared the national river. Discuss, the implication with respect to pollution of this river.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution

#### (a) Major Programs Initiated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests for Saving Major Indian Rivers from Pollution

1. **Identification of the Problem**: The Ministry of Environment and Forests recognized that many major rivers in India, such as the Ganga and Yamuna, were facing severe pollution issues due to untreated sewage and industrial waste being discharged into them.

2. **Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)**: Initially, the number of sewage treatment plants was very low, and they were primarily located in urban areas. This led to untreated sewage flowing into rivers, increasing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and harming aquatic life.

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