What parameters are used for tiger census in our country's national parks and sanctuaries ?

Options

A. Pug marks only
B. Pug maeks and faecal pellets
C. Faecal pellets only
D. Actual head counts

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the parameters used for tiger census in national parks and sanctuaries in our country, we can break down the solution into clear steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Census**:
- A census is a systematic method used to count the population of a particular species in a defined area. In the context of tigers, it involves assessing the number of individuals present in a specific habitat.

2. **Parameters for Tiger Census**:
- The tiger census primarily relies on two key parameters:
- **Pug Marks**: These are the footprints left by tigers. Researchers analyze the size, shape, and pattern of pug marks to identify individual tigers and estimate their population. Different age groups (young, adult) can be distinguished based on the size of the pug marks.
- **Fecal Pellets**: The droppings of tigers, known as fecal pellets, are another important parameter. By collecting and analyzing these pellets, researchers can determine the presence of tigers in an area, as well as gather information about their diet and health.

3. **Data Collection**:
- Field researchers systematically search for pug marks and fecal pellets across various locations in the national parks and sanctuaries. They may use camera traps and other tracking methods to supplement their findings.

4. **Analysis**:
- Once the data is collected, scientists analyze the pug marks and fecal samples to estimate the number of tigers in the area. They can also differentiate between male and female tigers and assess the age distribution of the population.

5. **Reporting**:
- Finally, the results of the census are compiled and reported to provide insights into the tiger population dynamics, which can inform conservation strategies and management practices.