Why does moon have very cold and very hot temperature variations e.g., from `-190^(@)C` to `110^(@)C` even though it is at the same distance from the sun as the earth is?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Moon's Environment**: The Moon is a celestial body that orbits the Earth and is at the same distance from the Sun as the Earth. However, it has a very different environment compared to Earth.

2. **Temperature Range on the Moon**: The temperature on the Moon can vary dramatically, ranging from extremely cold temperatures of -190°C during the night to very hot temperatures of 110°C during the day.

3. **Role of Atmosphere**: The primary reason for this extreme temperature variation is the lack of atmosphere on the Moon. Unlike Earth, which has a thick atmosphere, the Moon has a very thin exosphere that cannot retain heat.

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