Which one of the following elements exhibit maximum number of velence electrons ?

Options

A. Na
B. Al
C. Si
D. P

Explanation

To determine which element exhibits the maximum number of valence electrons, we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Elements
We need to identify the elements provided in the question. For this solution, we will consider Sodium (Na), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), and Phosphorus (P).

### Step 2: Find the Atomic Numbers
Next, we will find the atomic numbers of each of these elements:
- Sodium (Na) - Atomic number 11
- Aluminium (Al) - Atomic number 13
- Silicon (Si) - Atomic number 14
- Phosphorus (P) - Atomic number 15

### Step 3: Write the Electronic Configurations
Now, we will write the electronic configurations for each element:
- Sodium (Na): 2, 8, 1
- Aluminium (Al): 2, 8, 3
- Silicon (Si): 2, 8, 4
- Phosphorus (P): 2, 8, 5

### Step 4: Determine the Number of Valence Electrons
Next, we will determine the number of valence electrons for each element:
- Sodium (Na): 1 valence electron (from the outermost shell)
- Aluminium (Al): 3 valence electrons (from the outermost shell)
- Silicon (Si): 4 valence electrons (from the outermost shell)
- Phosphorus (P): 5 valence electrons (from the outermost shell)

### Step 5: Compare the Number of Valence Electrons
Now, we will compare the number of valence electrons:
- Sodium: 1
- Aluminium: 3
- Silicon: 4
- Phosphorus: 5

### Step 6: Identify the Element with Maximum Valence Electrons
From the comparison, we can see that Phosphorus has the maximum number of valence electrons, which is 5.

### Conclusion
Therefore, the element that exhibits the maximum number of valence electrons is **Phosphorus (P)**.

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