In an electrophilic substitution reactitution reaction of nitrobenzene, the presence of nitro group……

Options

A. deactivates the ring by inductive effect
B. activates the ring by inductive effect
C. decreases the charge density at ortho and para position of the ring relative to meta position by resonance
D. increases the charge density at meta position relative to the ortho and para positions of the ring by resonance

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the effect of the nitro group in the electrophilic substitution reaction of nitrobenzene, we will analyze the effects of the nitro group on the benzene ring step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Electrophilic Substitution**:
- Electrophilic substitution is a reaction where an electrophile (a positively charged species) replaces a hydrogen atom in an aromatic compound (like benzene).
- In this case, we are dealing with nitrobenzene, which has a nitro group (-NO2) attached to the benzene ring.

2. **Effect of the Nitro Group**:
- The nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group due to its electronegative nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
- It exhibits two main effects:
- **Inductive Effect (-I)**: The nitro group pulls electron density away from the benzene ring, making it electron deficient.
- **Resonance Effect (-R)**: The nitro group can also withdraw electron density through resonance, which further stabilizes the positive charge that forms during the electrophilic substitution process.

3. **Deactivation of the Ring**:
- Because the nitro group withdraws electron density, it deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution. This means that the ring becomes less reactive to electrophiles.
- Therefore, the presence of the nitro group decreases the overall reactivity of the aromatic ring in electrophilic substitution reactions.

4. **Charge Density at Different Positions**:
- The resonance structures of nitrobenzene show that the positive charge that forms during the electrophilic substitution is more stabilized at the ortho and para positions compared to the meta position.
- This indicates that the charge density at the ortho and para positions is decreased relative to the meta position due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro group.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, we conclude that:
- The nitro group deactivates the benzene ring (correct option A).
- It decreases the charge density at the ortho and para positions relative to the meta position (correct option C).

### Final Answer:
- The presence of the nitro group in nitrobenzene **deactivates the ring** (Option A) and **decreases the charge density at the ortho and para positions relative to the meta position** (Option C).