Give a method for the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide and explain the reactions involved therein .
(ii) Illustrate oxidising, reducing and acidic properties of hydrogen peroxide with equations.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution

#### Part (i): Manufacture of Hydrogen Peroxide

1. **Starting Material**: The manufacture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be initiated using **2-ethyl anthraquinone** as the primary starting material.

2. **Oxidation Reaction**: In the process, 2-ethyl anthraquinone undergoes an oxidation reaction to form hydrogen peroxide. This reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{2-ethyl anthraquinone} + \text{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{O}_2 + \text{oxidized products} \]
Here, oxygen (O2) is used to oxidize the anthraquinone, producing hydrogen peroxide and some other oxidized by-products.

3. **Water Removal**: The produced hydrogen peroxide typically contains about 1% water. This water is removed through a process of extraction.

4. **Concentration**: The hydrogen peroxide solution is then concentrated to approximately 30% by mass using **distillation**.

5. **Purification**: Further purification is achieved by distilling the solution at low pressure to obtain a more concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution, typically around 85%.

#### Part (ii): Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide

1. **Oxidizing Agent in Acidic Medium**:
- Reaction:
\[ 2 \text{Fe}^{2+} + 2 \text{H}^+ + \text{H}_2\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \text{Fe}^{3+} + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- Explanation: In this reaction, hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing agent, converting ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) to ferric ions (Fe³⁺) in an acidic medium.

2. **Reducing Agent in Acidic Medium**:
- Reaction:
\[ \text{HOCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ + 2 \text{OH}^- \]
- Explanation: Here, hydrogen peroxide acts as a reducing agent, reducing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

3. **Oxidizing Agent in Basic Medium**:
- Reaction:
\[ \text{Mn}^{2+} + \text{H}_2\text{O}_2 + 2 \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{MnO}_4^- + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- Explanation: In a basic medium, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes manganese ions (Mn²⁺) to permanganate ions (MnO₄⁻).

4. **Reducing Agent in Basic Medium**:
- Reaction:
\[ \text{I}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}_2 + 2 \text{OH}^- \rightarrow 2 \text{I}^- + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{O}_2 \]
- Explanation: In this reaction, hydrogen peroxide acts as a reducing agent, converting iodine (I₂) to iodide ions (I⁻) while releasing oxygen gas (O₂) in a basic medium.