What causes speciation according to Hugo-de-Vries ?

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Introduction to Speciation and Key Scientists**: Speciation refers to the process by which new species arise. Two prominent figures in the study of evolution are Charles Darwin and Hugo de Vries. While Darwin focused on natural selection and gradual variations, de Vries introduced a different perspective.

2. **Darwin's Theory of Evolution**: Darwin proposed that variations exist within populations and are heritable. These variations help individuals adapt to their environments, leading to better reproductive success. This process is gradual and occurs over time.

3. **Hugo de Vries and Mutation**: Hugo de Vries, while studying the evening primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana), discovered that certain traits could change suddenly and were not necessarily inherited from the parents. He coined the term "mutation" to describe these large, sudden changes.

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