Explain the mechanism of dehydration steps of ethanol:
`CH_3CH_2OHoverset(H+)underset (443K) to CH_2=CH_2+H_2O`

Explanation

To explain the mechanism of dehydration of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) to form ethene (CH₂=CH₂) and water (H₂O) when heated in the presence of an acid (H⁺) at 443 K, we can break down the process into several key steps:

### Step 1: Protonation of Ethanol
- Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) reacts with a proton (H⁺) from the acid (like concentrated H₂SO₄) to form a protonated alcohol.
- The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group (–OH) has lone pairs of electrons that can bond with the proton, leading to the formation of a positively charged species.

**Chemical Equation:**
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{H}^+ \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}_2^+ \]
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