Given simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounts:
(i) Ehtanol and Phenol
(ii) Propanol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol

Explanation

(a) (i)
(ii) `CH_(3) - overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(CH) - O - CH_(2) CH_(3) overset(HI)rarr underset("Isopropyl alcohol")(CH_(3) - overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(CH) - OH) + CH_(3) underset("Ethyliodide")(CH_(2)I)`
(iii) `CH_(3) -CH = CH - CH_(2) - OH overset("PCC")rarr CH_(3) CH = CH - CHO`
(b) (i0 Ethanol `(CH_(3) CH_(2)OH)` and phenol `(C_(6)H_(5) - OH)`
Ferric Chloride Test: Phenol reacts with neutral `FeCl_(3)` solution to give blue, violet or green colour whereas, Ethanol do not react.
or Coupling rex with diazonium salt:

(ii) Propanol `(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH) and H_(3)C - underset(OH)underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C) - CH_(3)` (2-methylpropan -2-ol)
Lucas Test:
`CH_(3) CH_(2) CH_(2) OH overset("Anhyd. " ZnCl_(2) + "conc."HCl)rarr` No turbidity at room temperature
`CH_(3) - underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C) - OH overset("Anhyd."ZnCl_(2) + "conc." HCl)rarr underset("(Turbidity appears immediately)")(CH_(3) - underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C) - Cl)`