Draw the diagram of the circuit arangement used for studying the 'input' and the 'output' characteristics of an n-p-n transistor inits CE configuration. Briefly explain how these two types of characteristics are obtained and draw these characteristics.
(b) 'Define' the terms (i) Input resistance, (ii) Output resistance , (iii) Current amplification factor, for a given transistor.

Explanation

(a) N/A
(i) The input resistance `r_i` of the transistor in CE configuration is defined as the ratio of the small change in base -emitter voltage to the corresponding small change in the base current, when the collector-emitter voltage is kept fixed. Thus.
`r_i[(DeltaV_BE)/(DeltaI_B)]_(V_(CE)="constant")`.
(ii) The output resistance `r_0` of a transistor in CE configuaration is definded as the ratio of the small change in the collector-emitter voltage to the corresponding change in the collector current when the base current is kept constant. Thus, `r_0[(DeltaV_CE)/(DeltaI_C)]_(I_(B)="constant ")`.
(ii) Current amplification factor `(beta)` : It is defined as the ratio of the change in collector current to the small change in base current at constant collector-emitter voltage `(V_CE)` when the transistor is in the acitve state.
`beta_ac=[(DeltaI_C)/(DeltaI_B)]_(V_(CE)="constant")`