(a) How do Mendel's experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive ?
(b) How do Mendel's experiments show that traits are inherited independently ?

Explanation

Mendel's experiments show that the
(a) traits may be doinant or recessive. When Mendel cross-bred plants of two
differnet traits of character, a tall pea plant(TT) and a dwarf pea plant (tt) to get a
progeny (`F_(1)` generation), all `F_(1)` plants ware tall. Only the dominant trait was visible in
this generation. But when plants of `F_(1)` generation were selfbred then the two traits of
character got separated in the plants of `F_(2)` generation. All plants obtained in the `F_(2)`
Appearance of tall characters in both the `F_(1) and F_(2)` generations shows that it is a
dominant character. Whereas the absence of dwarf character in `F_(1)` generation and its
reappearance in `F_(2)` generation shows dwarfness is the recessive character.
(b) Traits are inherited independently. Mendel
cross-bred pea plants showing two different
characteristics , rather then just one. When he
cross-bred pea plants of round green seeds with
wrinkled yellow seeds, he got `F_(1)` generation
with all such seeds which were yellow and
character of seeds were dominant traits
in the pea plant . On selfing of `F_(1)` progeny,
`F_(2)` progeny along with their ratios obtained in
`F_(2)` generation:

`{:(9:" "3:" "3:" "1),("Round "" Round"" Wrinkled "" Wrinkled"),("yellow"" Green "" Yellow"" Green"),("(both)"" (both)"),("domainating "" recessive"),("traits) triats)"):}`.
So traits of two different characters were
inherited independent of each other and made
new combination characteristics independent
of their previous combinations.