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Silicon that has been doped with gro...

Silicon that has been doped with group - 13 elements is called :

A

`p`- type semicondouctor

B

n-type semiconductor

C

electron vancany or hole

D

None of these

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To solve the question "Silicon that has been doped with group - 13 elements is called:", we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the concept of doping Doping refers to the process of introducing small amounts of impurities into a pure semiconductor material to alter its electrical properties. In this case, we are looking at silicon, which is a semiconductor. **Hint:** Remember that doping changes the electrical properties of semiconductors by adding impurities. ### Step 2: Identify the group of silicon Silicon (Si) is a group 14 element in the periodic table. It has four valence electrons, which it uses to form covalent bonds with other silicon atoms. **Hint:** Group 14 elements have four valence electrons, which are crucial for bonding. ### Step 3: Determine the characteristics of group 13 elements Group 13 elements (such as boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium) have three valence electrons. When these elements are introduced into silicon, they will bond with three of silicon's four valence electrons. **Hint:** Group 13 elements have one less valence electron than silicon, which is key to understanding the type of semiconductor formed. ### Step 4: Analyze the result of doping with group 13 elements When silicon is doped with group 13 elements, three of silicon's electrons will bond with the three valence electrons of the dopant. This leaves one silicon electron unbonded, creating a "hole" (a vacancy where an electron could be). This hole behaves like a positively charged particle. **Hint:** The creation of holes is essential for identifying the type of semiconductor. ### Step 5: Classify the type of semiconductor The presence of holes allows for the conduction of electricity through the movement of these positively charged vacancies. Semiconductors that conduct electricity primarily through holes are known as p-type semiconductors. **Hint:** P-type semiconductors are characterized by the presence of holes as charge carriers. ### Final Answer Silicon that has been doped with group 13 elements is called a **p-type semiconductor**. ---
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Doping mens introduction of small amount of impurities like phosphorus , arsenic or boron into the pure crystal . In pure silicon , ther are four valenices used in bonding with other four adjacent silicon crystal is doped with a group -15 element ( with five valence electron ) such as P, As , or Bi , the structure of the crystal lattic remains unchanged . Out of the five valence electron of group -15 doped element four element are used in normal covalent bonding with silicon while fiffth electron is delcoasiled and thus conducts electricity Doping a silicon crystal with a group -13 element (with three valence electrons ) such as B, Al, Ga or In products a semiconductor with three electrons in in dopant . The place where fourth electron is missing is called an electron vacancy or hole . Such hole can move throught the crystal like a positive charge giving rise conduction of electricity. No. of valene electrons in silicon are :

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