Which of the following is correct about the chemical equilibrium ?

Options

A. `(DeltaG)_(T,p)=0`
B. Equilibrium constant is independent of initial concentration of reactants
C. Catalyst has no effect on equilibrium state
D. Reaction stops at equilibrium

Answer

To determine which statements about chemical equilibrium are correct, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement A: ΔG = 0 at equilibrium.**
- At equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for a reaction is indeed equal to zero. This is because, at equilibrium, there is no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products, meaning the system is at its lowest energy state.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is correct.

2. **Statement B: The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial concentration of the reactants.**
- The equilibrium constant (K) is a ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium and is only dependent on temperature. It does not depend on the initial concentrations of the reactants or products. Changing the initial concentrations will affect how long it takes to reach equilibrium but not the value of K itself.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is correct.

3. **Statement C: A catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium state.**
- A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions equally, allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster. However, it does not change the position of the equilibrium or the value of the equilibrium constant (K). Therefore, it has no effect on the equilibrium state itself.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is correct.

4. **Statement D: The reaction stops at equilibrium.**
- This statement is incorrect. At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur at equal rates, meaning the reaction does not stop. Instead, it is in a dynamic state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is incorrect.

### Final Conclusion:
The correct statements about chemical equilibrium are A, B, and C.

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