which of the following arrangement will procedure oxygen at anode during electrolysis?

Options

A. Dilute `H_2SO_4` with Pt electrodes
B. Fused NaOH with inert electrodes
C. Dilute `H_2SO_4` with Cu electrodes
D. Concentrated aq. NaCl with Pt electrodes

Answer

To determine which arrangements will produce oxygen at the anode during electrolysis, we need to analyze each option based on the reactions that occur at the anode. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Electrolysis Process
In electrolysis, oxidation occurs at the anode. The species that can be oxidized will determine what is produced at the anode.

### Step 2: Analyze Each Arrangement

**Arrangement A: Dilute H2SO4 with Platinum Electrodes**
- Platinum electrodes are inert and do not participate in the reaction.
- In dilute H2SO4, we have H⁺ ions and SO₄²⁻ ions. Additionally, water provides OH⁻ ions.
- At the anode, OH⁻ ions can be oxidized to produce oxygen:
\[ 4OH^- \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2 + 4e^- \]
- Therefore, oxygen is produced at the anode in this arrangement.

**Arrangement B: Fused NaOH with Inert Electrodes**
- Again, the inert electrodes do not participate in the reaction.
- In fused NaOH, OH⁻ ions are present.
- At the anode, OH⁻ ions will be oxidized to produce oxygen:
\[ 4OH^- \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2 + 4e^- \]
- Thus, oxygen is produced at the anode in this arrangement as well.

**Arrangement C: Dilute H2SO4 with Copper Electrodes**
- Copper electrodes are not inert; they participate in the reaction.
- At the anode, copper will be oxidized to Cu²⁺ ions:
\[ Cu \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + 2e^- \]
- Since copper is oxidized, oxygen is not produced at the anode in this arrangement.

**Arrangement D: Concentrated Aqueous NaCl with Platinum Electrodes**
- Platinum electrodes are inert.
- In concentrated NaCl, we have Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, along with water providing H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.
- At the anode, Cl⁻ ions will be oxidized to produce chlorine gas:
\[ 2Cl^- \rightarrow Cl_2 + 2e^- \]
- Therefore, chlorine is produced instead of oxygen in this arrangement.

### Step 3: Conclusion
From the analysis:
- **Oxygen is produced at the anode in Arrangement A (dilute H2SO4 with platinum electrodes) and Arrangement B (fused NaOH with inert electrodes).**
- **Arrangements C and D do not produce oxygen at the anode.**

### Final Answer
The correct arrangements that produce oxygen at the anode during electrolysis are **A and B**.

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