The maximum number of possible oxidation state of actinoides are shown by:

Options

A. nobelium (No) and lawrencium (Lr)
B. actinium (Ac) and thorium (Th)
C. berkelium (Bk) and califormium (Cf)
D. neptunium (Np) and plautonium (Pu)

Answer

To determine the maximum number of possible oxidation states of actinoids, we will analyze the oxidation states of the given elements in the question step by step.

### Step 1: Identify the Elements
We have four pairs of actinoids to consider:
1. Nobilium (No) and Lorentzium (Lr)
2. Actinium (Ac) and Thorium (Th)
3. Berkelium (Bk) and Californium (Cf)
4. Neptunium (Np) and Plutonium (Pu)

### Step 2: Determine Oxidation States for Each Pair
1. **Nobilium (No) and Lorentzium (Lr)**:
- Nobilium typically shows only +3 oxidation state.
- Lorentzium also shows +3 oxidation state.
- **Total oxidation states = 2** (only +3).

2. **Actinium (Ac) and Thorium (Th)**:
- Actinium shows +3 oxidation state.
- Thorium shows +4 oxidation state.
- **Total oxidation states = 2** (only +3 and +4).

3. **Berkelium (Bk) and Californium (Cf)**:
- Berkelium can show +3 and +4 oxidation states.
- Californium typically shows +3 oxidation state.
- **Total oxidation states = 3** (including +3 and +4).

4. **Neptunium (Np) and Plutonium (Pu)**:
- Neptunium can show oxidation states from +3 to +7 (including +4, +5, +6, and +7).
- Plutonium similarly can show oxidation states from +3 to +7.
- **Total oxidation states = 10** (from +3 to +7).

### Step 3: Compare the Total Oxidation States
Now, we compare the total oxidation states from each pair:
- Nobilium and Lorentzium: 2
- Actinium and Thorium: 2
- Berkelium and Californium: 3
- Neptunium and Plutonium: 10

### Conclusion
The pair that shows the maximum number of possible oxidation states is **Neptunium (Np) and Plutonium (Pu)**, which can exhibit a total of **10 oxidation states**.

Thus, the answer is **option D**.

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