Which of the following major product can be obtained from Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?

Options

A.
B.
C.
D.

Answer

To determine the major product obtained from Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, we need to understand the mechanism and the nature of the products formed in this reaction. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step 1: Understanding Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a method used to prepare primary amines from phthalimide. The process involves the use of phthalimide, which is a cyclic imide, and a strong base.

**Hint:** Recall that Gabriel synthesis is specifically used to synthesize primary amines.

### Step 2: Starting Material
The starting material is phthalimide, which has the following structure:

```
O
//
C
/ \
N C
\ /
C
\
O
```

**Hint:** Identify the functional groups present in phthalimide that will participate in the reaction.

### Step 3: Deprotonation
When phthalimide is treated with a strong base like KOH, it gets deprotonated to form a phthalimide anion. This anion can act as a nucleophile.

**Hint:** Remember that the deprotonation step is crucial for generating the nucleophile.

### Step 4: Alkylation
The phthalimide anion then reacts with an alkyl halide (R-X) to form a substituted phthalimide. The nucleophile attacks the carbon atom bonded to the halide, leading to the substitution of the halide with the alkyl group (R).

**Hint:** The choice of alkyl halide (primary, secondary, or tertiary) affects the reaction pathway and product formation.

### Step 5: Hydrolysis
The next step involves hydrolysis of the substituted phthalimide. This is typically done by treating the compound with a strong base (like NaOH) or acid, which leads to the cleavage of the imide bond and the release of the primary amine.

**Hint:** Hydrolysis is essential for converting the intermediate into the final amine product.

### Step 6: Final Product
The final product of the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a primary amine (R-NH2). The structure of the primary amine is determined by the alkyl group (R) that was introduced during the alkylation step.

**Hint:** The product is specifically a primary amine due to the nature of the Gabriel synthesis.

### Conclusion
From the options provided in the question, the major product obtained from Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a primary amine. Therefore, the correct answer is:

**Option 2: Primary amine.**