Under what condition does a sudden phase reversal of waves occur on reflection?

Under what condition, a reversible process becomes irreverible?

For a reaction both DeltaH and DeltaS are positive.Under what conditions does the reaction occur spontaneously?

For a reaction both DeltaH and DeltaS are positive.Under what conditions does the reaction occur spontaneously?

Relate free energy with equillibrium constant. For a reaction both DeltaH and DeltaS are positive.Under what conditions does the reaction occur spontaneously?

In Fig. is (i) the emitter, and (ii) the collector, forward or reverse biased? Under what condition does the transistor with CE configuration act as an amplifier?