How are microbes useful in industrial production of chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules ?

Explanation

Microbes are used for commercial and industrial production of certain chemicals like organic acids, alcohols and enzymes. Examples of acid producers are (i) Aspergillus niger of citric acid (ii) Acetobacter aceti of acetic acid (iii) Clostridium butylicum of butyric acid (iv) Lactobacillus of lactic acid. Thus microbes are useful to obtain various types of acids. Yeast is used for commercial production of ethanol. Microbes are also used for production of enzymes. Lipase are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry Bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinase and proteases. Streptokinase produced by the bacterium streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a clot buster for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients Who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack. Cyclosporine A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood cholesterol lowering cholesterol.