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Discuss sign convention of distances for reflection by spherical mirror and refraction by spherical lens.

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The distances object distance (u), image distance (u), focal length (f), radius of curvature (R) are measured from pole for spherical mirror and from optical centre for spherical lens.
Sign convention of distances is as following :
(1) All distances are measured from the pole of the mirror or the optical centre of the lens.

(2) The distances measured in the same direction as the incident light are taken as positive and those measured in the direction opposite to the direction of incident light are taken as negative.
(3) The heights measured upwards with respect to X-axis and normal to the principal axis (X-axis) of the mirror/lens are taken as positive. The heights measured downwards are taken as negative.
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Knowledge Check

  • If f is focal length and u is object distance for spherical mirror, then lateral magnification m = ......

    A
    `(f)/(u-f)`
    B
    `(f)/(u+f)`
    C
    `(f)/(f-u)`
    D
    `(f-u)/(f)`

  • If f is focal length and v is image distance for spherical mirror, then beteral magnification m = …....

    A
    `(f)/(f+v)`
    B
    `(f)/(f-v)`
    C
    `(f+v)/(f)`
    D
    `(f-v)/(f)`

  • Which one of the following plots represent the variation of gravitational field on a particle with distance r due to a thin spherical shell of radius R? (r is measured from the centre of the spherical shell)

    A
    B
    C
    D

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