Explain any three preventive measures to control microbial infections.

Explanation

Maintenance of personal and public hygiene is very important for prevention and control of many infectious diseases.
Measures for personal hygiene include keeping the body clean, consumption of clean drinking water, food, vegetables, fruits, etc.
Public hygiene includes proper disposal of waste and excreta, periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoirs, pools, household coolers and tanks and observing standard practices of hygiene in public catering.
In cases of air-borne diseases such as pneumonia and common cold, in addition to the above measures, close contact with the infected persons or their belongings should be avoided.
For diseases such as malaria and filariasis that are transmitted through insect vectors, the most important measure is to control or eliminate the vectors and their breeding places.
This can be achieved by avoiding stagnation of water in and around residential areas, regular cleaning of household coolers, use of mosquito nets, introducing fishes like Gambusia in ponds that feed on mosquito larvae, spraying of insecticides in ditches, drainage areas and swamps, etc.
In addition, doors and windows should be provided with wire mesh to prevent the entry of mosquitoes.