-------- resistane is defined as the ability of the microorganisms to resist the effect of an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive.

Under which condition does a microbe gains resistance against antibiotic?

Under which conditions does a bacterium develops resistance against antibiotics?

Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying on it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts on it is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due to acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object and buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is possible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reaching the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's equations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite to the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. What is the initial velocity and what is the effect of gravitational acceleration on the object in free fall?

(A) Define refraction (B) (i) Complete the diagram. (ii) What is the effect on the velocity of light when it enters water ? (iii) If the light was incident on the interface at an angle greater than critical angle, which phenomen on occurs ?

The coil of a moving coil galvanometer has 5 turns and each turn has an effective area of 2 xx 10^(-2) m^(2) . It is suspended in a magnetic field whose strength is 4 xx 10^(-2) Wb m^(-2) . If the torsional constant K of the suspension fibre is 4xx 10^(9) N m deg^(-1) . (a) Find its current sensitivity in degree per micro - ampere (b) Calculate the voltage sensitivity of the galvanometer for it to havefull scale deflection of 50 divisions for 25 mV. (c ) Compute the resistance of the galvanometer .

Study the following statements regarding recombinant DNA technology and select the incorrect ones. (i) Taq polymerase extends the primers using the nucleotides provided in the reaction. (ii) Antibiotic resistance genes are considered as desirable genes in recombinant DNA technology. (iii) DNA fragments are separated according to their charge only, in agarose gel electrophoresis. (iv) Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is integrated in to the genome of a host bacterium. (v) To produce higher yields of a desired protein, host cells can be multiplied in a continuous culture. (vi) Downstream processing is one of the steps of polymerase chain reaction.

Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying onn it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts onit is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due toi acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object anda buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is posible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reachign the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's eqwuations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite ot the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. Which force acts on the stone when held in the hand?

Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying on it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts on it is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due to acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object and a buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is possible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reaching the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's equations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite to the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. Which force acts on the stone in free fall after you release it?

Which one of the following characteristics is generally not preferred for a cloning vector ? a) An origin of replication b) An antibiotic resistance marker c)Multiple restriction sites d) A high copy number

A 400 mH coil of negligible resistance is connected to an AC circuit in which an effective current of 6 mA is flowing. Find out the voltage across the coil if the frequency is 1000 Hz.