Why there is increase in the ionisation potential for forming `M^(3+)` is not very much greater than `M^(+)`ion for group metals?

Why the ionization potential of M^(2+) is not very much greater than M^(+) ?

Explain the following give appropriate reasons. (i) Ionisation potential of N is greater than that of O

Explain the following, give appropriate reasons. (i) Ionization potential of N is greater than that of O (ii) First ionization potential of C-atom is greater than that of B-atom, where as the reverse is true for second ionization potential. (iii) The electron affinity values of Be and Mg are almost zero and those of N (0.02 eV) and P (0.80 eV) are very low (iv) The formation of F^(-) . (g) from F(g) is exothermie while that of O^(2-) (g) from O (g) is endothermic.

Boron does not form B^(3+) ion. Why?

The frequency v of incident radiation is greater than threshold frequency ( v_(0)) in a photocell. How will the stopping potential vary if freqquency ( v) is increased, keeping other factors constant ?