Meta directing groups are called as _________ groups.

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) Presence of nitro group in benzene ring:

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) The reaction of toluene with Cl_2 in presence of FeCl_3 gives predominantly:

The ortho and para directing groups are

The group elements are also called as _________________

Explain the action of ortho of para directing groups and meta directing groups while monosubstituted benzene gets convered to disubstituted benzene.

--------- group are called chalcogenes.

The group of petals is called

-CHO group is

Meta directing group in electrophilic substitution in benzene nucleus is

The strongest ortho - para and strongest meta - directing groups respectively are