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Give the scientific names of the followi...

Give the scientific names of the following parts of the eye :
(a) Carrying signals from an eye to the brain.
(b) A small opening (hole) in the middle of the iris.

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( a ) Optic nerve (b) Pupil
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Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil show patterns of alternative dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected light waves. If two waves are in phase, their crests and troughs will coincide. The interference will be constructive and the amplitude of resultant wave will be greater then either of constituent waves. If the two wave are not of phase by half a wavelength (180^(@)) , the crests of one wave will coincide width the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the amplitude of the resultant wave will be less than that of either constiuent wave. 1. When incident light I, reaches the surface at point a, some of the light is reflected as ray R_(a) and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. 2. At point b, some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back through the film along path bc. At point c, some of the light is reflected back into the film and part is reflected out of the film as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has traveled the extra distance within the film of abc. If the angle of incidence is small, then abc is approximately twice the film's thickness . If R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase, they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright. If R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference and the region ac will be dark. I. Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. II. For reflection at the interfere between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1) gt n_(2) , the reflected wave will change phase. If n_(1) lt n_(2) , the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. For reference, n_(air) = 1.00 . III. If the waves are in phase after reflection at all intensities, then the effects of path length in the film are: Constrictive interference occurs when 2 t = m lambda // n, m = 0, 1,2,3 ,... Destructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m + (1)/(2)) (lambda)/(n) , m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... If the waves are 180^(@) out of the phase after reflection at all interference, then the effects of path length in the film area: Constructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m + (1)/(2)) (lambda)/(n), m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... Destructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m lambda)/(n) , m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... 72. A film with index of refraction 1.50 coats a glass lens with index of refraction 1.80. What is the minimum thickness of the thin film that will strongly reflect light with wavelength 600 nm?

Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil show patterns of alternative dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected ligth waves. If two waves are in phase, their crests and troughs will coincide. The interference will be cosntructive and the amlitude of resultant wave will be greater then either of constituent waves. If the two wave are not of phase by half a wavelength (180^(@)) , the crests of one wave will coincide width the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the ampliutde of the resultant wave will be less than that of either consituent wave. 1. When incident light I, reaches the surface at point a, some of the ligth is reflected as ray R_(a) and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. 2. At point b, some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back through the film along path bc. At point c, some of the light is reflected back into the film and part is reflected out of the film as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has travelled the extra distance within the film fo abc. If the angle of incidence is small, then abc is approxmately twice the film's thickness . If R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase, they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright. If R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference and the region ac will be dark. I. Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. II. For reflection at the interfere between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1) gt n_(2) , the reflected wave will change phase. If n_(1) lt n_(2) , the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. For reference, n_(air) = 1.00 . III. If the waves are in phase after reflection at all intensities, then the effects of path length in the film are: Constrictive interference occurs when 2 t = m lambda // n, m = 0, 1,2,3 ,... Destrcutive interference occurs when 2 t = (m + (1)/(2)) (lambda)/(n) , m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... If the waves are 180^(@) out of the phase after reflection at all interference, then the effects of path length in the film ara: Constructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m + (1)/(2)) (lambda)/(n), m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... Destructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m lambda)/(n) , m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... A soap film of thickness t is surrounded by air and is illuminated at near normal incidence by monochromatic light wavelength lambda in the film. With respect to the wavelength of the monochromatic ligth in the film, what film thickness will produce maximum consturctive interference

Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil show patterns of alternative dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected ligth waves. If two waves are in phase, their crests and troughs will coincide. The interference will be cosntructive and the amlitude of resultant wave will be greater then either of constituent waves. If the two wave are not of phase by half a wavelength (180^(@)) , the crests of one wave will coincide width the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the ampliutde of the resultant wave will be less than that of either consituent wave. 1. When incident light I, reaches the surface at point a, some of the ligth is reflected as ray R_(a) and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. 2. At point b, some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back through the film along path bc. At point c, some of the light is reflected back into the film and part is reflected out of the film as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has travelled the extra distance within the film fo abc. If the angle of incidence is small, then abc is approxmately twice the film's thickness . If R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase, they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright. If R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference and the region ac will be dark. I. Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. II. For reflection at the interfere between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1) gt n_(2) , the reflected wave will change phase. If n_(1) lt n_(2) , the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. For reference, n_(air) = 1.00 . III. If the waves are in phase after reflection at all intensities, then the effects of path length in the film are: Constrictive interference occurs when 2 t = m lambda // n, m = 0, 1,2,3 ,... Destrcutive interference occurs when 2 t = (m + (1)/(2)) (lambda)/(n) , m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... If the waves are 180^(@) out of the phase after reflection at all interference, then the effects of path length in the film ara: Constructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m + (1)/(2)) (lambda)/(n), m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... Destructive interference occurs when 2 t = (m lambda)/(n) , m = 0, 1, 2, 3 ,... A thin film with index of refraction 1.33 coats a glass lens with index of refraction 1.50. Which of the following choices is the smallest film thickness that will not reflect light with wavelength 640 nm?

Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil slicks, show patterns of alternating dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected light waves. If two waves are in phase their crest and troughs will coincide. The interference will be constructive and the aplitude of the resultant wave will be greater than the amplitude of either constituent wave. if the two waves are out of phase, the crests of one wave will coincide with the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the amplitude of the resultant wave will be less than that of either constituent wave. at the interface between two transparent media some light is reflected and some light is refracted. * When incident light, reaches the surface at point a, some of the light is reflected as ray R_(a) and and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. *At point b some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back refracted out of the fiml as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has travelled the extra distance within the film of abc. if the angle of incidence is small then abc is approximately twice the film's thickness. if R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright if R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference. * Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. * For reflection at the interface between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1)ltn_(2) the reflected wave will change phase by pi . if n_(1)gtn_(2) the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. for reference n_(air)=1.00 * if the waves are in phase after refection at all interfaces, then the effects of path length in the film are Constructive interference occur when (n= refractive index) 2t=mlamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... .. Destructive interference occurs when 2t=(m+1//2)lamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... Q. The average human eye sees colors with wavelengths between 430 nm to 680 nm. For what visible wavelength will a 350 nm thick n=1.35 soap film produce maximum destructive interference?

Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil slicks, show patterns of alternating dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected light waves. If two waves are in phase their crest and troughs will coincide. The interference will be constructive and the aplitude of the resultant wave will be greater than the amplitude of either constituent wave. if the two waves are out of phase, the crests of one wave will coincide with the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the amplitude of the resultant wave will be less than that of either constituent wave. at the interface between two transparent media some light is reflected and some light is refracted. * When incident light, reaches the surface at point a, some of the light is reflected as ray R_(a) and and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. *At point b some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back refracted out of the fiml as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has travelled the extra distance within the film of abc. if the angle of incidence is small then abc is approximately twice the film's thickness. if R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright if R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference. * Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. * For reflection at the interface between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1)ltn_(2) the reflected wave will change phase by pi . if n_(1)gtn_(2) the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. for reference n_(air)=1.00 * if the waves are in phase after refection at all interfaces, then the effects of path length in the film are Constructive interference occur when (n= refractive index) 2t=mlamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... .. Destructive interference occurs when 2t=(m+1//2)lamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... Q. A 600 nm light is perpendicularly incident on a soap film suspended in air. The film is 1.00 mum thick with n=1.35. Which statement most accurately describes the interference of the light reflected by the two surfaces of the film?

Answer the following, giving reason:- (a) When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium, the speed increases. Does it mean that there is an increase in the energy carried by the waves ? (b) The Sun appears reddish at sunset and sunrise.

Consider the situation in figure. The bottom of the pot is reflecting plane mirror , S is small fish is a human eye . Refractive index of water is mu . Fish can see two images of human eye , first due to refractive only and other due to refraction and than reflection . Distance of these images from fish are S_(1) "and" S_(2) respectively . Human eye can also see the two images of fish, first due to refraction only and other due to reflection and then refraction . Distance of these images from human eye are S_(3) "and" S_(4) respectively . Match the quantities of column-I (with their value in column-(II) {:("Column I","Column II"),((A) S_(1),(p)H[1 + (1)/(2mu)]),((B)S_(2),(q) H[mu + (1)/(2)]),((C)S_(3) , (r) H[1 + (3)/(2mu)]) , ((D) S_(4) , (s) H[mu + (3)/(2)]):}

KUMAR PRAKASHAN-THE HUMAN EYE AND THE COLOURFUL WORLD-OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (Answer the following questions in very short as directed (Miscellaneous) )
  1. The far point of a myopic eye is 100 cm. What is the focal length of t...

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  2. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 75 cm. What is the focal leng...

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  3. The eye lens of human eye is a double convex lens. Agree or Disagree?

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  4. Cone-shaped retinal cells respond to the brightness or intensity of li...

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  5. Which property of vision is used in cinematography ?

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  6. What is aqueous humour ?

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  7. What is the maximum power of accommodation of a normal eye ?

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  8. What is meant by scattering of light?

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  9. What is the basic cause of atmospheric refraction ?

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  10. In the above figure a narrow beam of white light is shown to pass thro...

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  11. In the above figure, which angles are correctly marked ?

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  12. In the above figure (ray diagram), state the angle of incidence and th...

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  13. In the above figure (ray diagram), state angle of incidence, angle of ...

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  14. What is the principle of the working of the human eye?

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  15. On which factor does the colour of the scattered white light depend ?

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  16. Give the scientific names of the following parts of the eye : (a) Ca...

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  17. A near-sighted person has a near point 25 cm and a far point 50 cm. Ca...

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  18. The near point of a far-sighted person is 50 cm. Can the person see ...

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  19. How much is our horizontal field of view (a) with one eye open (b)...

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  20. Which of the following have a wider field of view ? (a) Animals havin...

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