Which of the following groups consists of organisms which mulriply by fragmentation ?

Options

A. Earthworm, Amoeba, fungi
B. Earthworm, fungi, bacteria
C. Fungi, filamentous algar, protonema of mosses
D. Amobea, Hydra, bacteria

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following groups consists of organisms which multiply by fragmentation?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Fragmentation**:
- Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can develop into a new organism. This method allows for rapid reproduction under favorable conditions.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- We have four options to consider:
1. Earthworm, Amoeba, Fungi
2. Earthworm, Fungi, Bacteria
3. Fungi, Filamentous Algae, Protonema of Mosses
4. Amoeba, Hydra, Bacteria

3. **Identify Organisms that Multiply by Fragmentation**:
- **Fungi**: Known to reproduce asexually through fragmentation.
- **Filamentous Algae**: These algae can also reproduce by fragmentation.
- **Protonema of Mosses**: This is a stage in the life cycle of mosses that can also reproduce by fragmentation.

4. **Evaluate Each Option**:
- **Option 1**: Earthworm (not fragmentation), Amoeba (not fragmentation), Fungi (yes). → Not all organisms multiply by fragmentation.
- **Option 2**: Earthworm (not fragmentation), Fungi (yes), Bacteria (not fragmentation). → Not all organisms multiply by fragmentation.
- **Option 3**: Fungi (yes), Filamentous Algae (yes), Protonema of Mosses (yes). → All organisms in this option multiply by fragmentation.
- **Option 4**: Amoeba (not fragmentation), Hydra (not fragmentation), Bacteria (not fragmentation). → Not all organisms multiply by fragmentation.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Option 3: Fungi, Filamentous Algae, Protonema of Mosses**, as all these organisms are known to reproduce by fragmentation.

### Final Answer:
**Option 3: Fungi, Filamentous Algae, Protonema of Mosses**