The statements given below shows some characteristics of a phylum. Identify it.
(i) Tissue absent (ii) Internal fertilisation
(iii) Developments is indirect
(iv) Spongocelate with ostia (many) and single osculum and cancal system
(v) Sexes are hermaphrodite.

Options

A. Cnidaria
B. Porifera
C. Platyhelminthes
D. Ctenophora

Answer

To identify the phylum based on the given characteristics, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Analyze the First Characteristic: Tissue Absent**
- The absence of tissues indicates that the organism is likely to be a simple multicellular organism. In the animal kingdom, this is characteristic of the phylum Porifera (sponges), which are known for their cellular organization without true tissues.

2. **Examine the Second Characteristic: Internal Fertilization**
- Internal fertilization suggests that the reproductive process occurs inside the body of the organism. This is a common feature in many animals, including sponges, which can reproduce sexually.

3. **Consider the Third Characteristic: Development is Indirect**
- Indirect development means that the organism goes through a larval stage before reaching maturity. Sponges typically exhibit this kind of development, as they release larvae that eventually settle and develop into adult forms.

4. **Look at the Fourth Characteristic: Spongocoel with Ostia and Single Osculum**
- The presence of a spongocoel (the central cavity of a sponge) along with ostia (small pores) and a single osculum (the large opening at the top of the sponge) is a defining feature of sponges. This structure allows for water flow through the sponge, which is essential for their feeding and respiration.

5. **Evaluate the Fifth Characteristic: Sexes are Hermaphrodite**
- Hermaphroditism means that individual organisms possess both male and female reproductive organs. This is a common trait in sponges, allowing them to produce both sperm and eggs.

### Conclusion:
Based on the analysis of all the characteristics provided, we can conclude that the phylum being described is **Porifera**.

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