Continuity of cytoplasm from cell is maintained through cytoplasmic connections in plants called

Options

A. a) ER
B. b) tight junction
C. c) gap junction
D. d) plasmodesmata.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Cytoplasmic Connections**: In plant cells, there are structures that facilitate the continuity of cytoplasm between adjacent cells. These connections are crucial for the exchange of materials and communication between cells.

2. **Identifying the Structures**: The specific structures that maintain this continuity in plant cells are known as plasmodesmata. These are microscopic channels that traverse the cell walls of plant cells.

3. **Formation of Plasmodesmata**: Plasmodesmata develop through minute pores in the plant cell walls. These pores allow for the formation of cytoplasmic bridges that connect the protoplasts (the living part of the cell) of adjacent cells.

4. **Function of Plasmodesmata**: The primary function of plasmodesmata is to provide channels for the passage of small molecules and ions between cells. This allows for the movement of nutrients, signaling molecules, and other substances necessary for cellular function.

5. **Understanding Symplast**: The network formed by the interconnected cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells through plasmodesmata is referred to as the symplast. This is an important aspect of plant physiology, as it facilitates communication and transport within the plant.

6. **Evaluating Options**: When presented with multiple-choice options, we can eliminate incorrect answers:
- Option A (endoplasmic reticulum) is incorrect as it is an organelle, not a cytoplasmic connection.
- Option B (tight junction) is incorrect as it pertains to animal cells.
- Option C (gap junction) is also incorrect as it relates to animal cells.
- Option D (plasmodesmata) is the correct answer, as discussed.

**Final Answer**: The continuity of cytoplasm from cell to cell in plants is maintained through cytoplasmic connections called **plasmodesmata**.

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