Chromosome duplication without nuclear division refers

Options

A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. androgenesis
D. endomitiosis.

Explanation

To solve the question "Chromosome duplication without nuclear division refers to:", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Terms**:
- We need to analyze the terms given in the options: meiosis, mitosis, endogenesis, and endomitosis. Each of these processes has distinct characteristics related to cell division.

2. **Define Each Process**:
- **Meiosis**: A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four haploid cells. It involves two rounds of division (meiosis I and II).
- **Mitosis**: A process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- **Endogenesis**: This term is less commonly used in the context of cell division and may refer to a type of asexual reproduction, but it's not directly related to chromosome duplication.
- **Endomitosis**: This is a process where chromosomes duplicate without the subsequent division of the nucleus or the cell. It results in cells with multiple copies of chromosomes.

3. **Identify the Correct Process**:
- The question specifically asks for chromosome duplication without nuclear division. Among the options, endomitosis is the only process that fits this description, as it involves the replication of chromosomes without leading to cell division.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **endomitosis**.

### Final Answer:
Chromosome duplication without nuclear division refers to **endomitosis**.

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